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Infection > Lecture 10- Infections On Surfaces > Flashcards

Lecture 10- Infections On Surfaces Flashcards

1
Q

Skin microorganisms examples?

A

Virus- papilloma and herpes simplex

Gram pos- staph aureus

Gram neg-enterobacteriaceae

Fungi- yeasts and dermatophytes

Parasites- mites and scabies

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2
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

Imbalance in normal bacterial flora eg thrush

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3
Q

What are commennsals?

A

Type ofsymbiosis where one organism benefits and the other isn’t harmed

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4
Q

How do people get infections?

A

Invasion eg pharyngitis

Migration eg UTI

Innoculation- bacteria placed into sterile site during operation etc

Haematogenous- blood transfer eg endocarditis from mouth to heart valve through blood

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5
Q

Natural external surface infections?

A

Cellulitis
Pharyngitis
Pneumonia
UTI

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6
Q

Natural internal surface infections?

A

Endocarditis and vasculitis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis

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7
Q

Prosthetic surface infections?

A 
IV lines 
Prosthetic joints 
Pacing wires 
Cardiac valves 
Endovascular grafts
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8
Q

Endocarditis mechanism?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve instead of tricuspid one. Causes turbulent flow and shearing of epithelium. If bacteria from mouth enter blood then exposed fibronectin on valve will cause them to adhere. Inflammatory response results in vegetative growth of inflammatory cells and bacteria etc. This is endocarditis

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9
Q

Organisms causing native valve endocarditis or prosthetic valve for over a year endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus and Viridans streptococci

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10
Q

Organisms causing endocarditis in prosthetic valve less than a year old?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

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11
Q

Bacteria causing prosthetic joint infections and cardiac pacing wire endocarditis.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Coagulase negative staphylococci

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12
Q

How do infections occur at surface?

A 
Adherence 
Biofilm formation 
Invasion and multiplication 
Pyogenic response eg neutrophils 
Granulomatous response eg macrophages and fibroblasts
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13
Q

How are biofilms formed?

A

Bacteria attach and multiply producing a slimy matrix

Nutrients diffuse into the matrix

Cells are close together and so can communicate

Antimicrobials damage outer layers of film but not bacteria

Cells can aggregate and leave the biofilm but remain protected

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14
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A

Communication between bacteria

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15
Q

What does quorum sensing control?

A

Virulence factor secretion
Biofilm formation
Sporulation

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16
Q

How do you manage infection?

A

Diagnose through identifying organism and it’s antimicrobial susceptibilities. Use of blood cultures, prosthetic material sonication to shake off bacteria.

Treat through antimicrobials, resection, sterilisation

17
Q

How do you prevent inf3ction?

A

Prevent bacterial colonisation of surfaces

Remove colonised bacteria

Infection (17 decks)

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