Lecture 10

Question 1

code for proteins

Answer 1

messenger RNA’s

Question 2

form the core of the ribosomes structure and catalyze protein synthesis

Answer 2

ribosomal RNA’s

Question 3

regulate gene expression

Answer 3

micro RNA

Question 4

serve as adaptors between mRNA and aa during protein synthesis

Answer 4

transfer RNA

Question 5

used in RNA splicing, gene regulation, telomere maintenance, and many other processes

Answer 5

other noncoding RNA

Question 6

the three general transcription components

Answer 6

DNA template with a promoter
RNA polymerase
Transcription factors

Question 7

• a DNA sequence that initiates gene transcription
• recognizes RNA polymerase
• position dependent

Answer 7

promoters

Question 8

one of the three RNA polymerases in euk cells:

genes transcribed:

most rRNA genes

Answer 8

rna polymerase 1

Question 9

one of the three RNA polymerases in euk cells:

genes transcribed:

all protein coding genes, miRNA genes, noncoding RNA’s

Answer 9

RNA P2

Question 10

one of the three RNA polymerases in euk cells:

genes transcribed:

tRNA genes, 55 rRNA genes, genes for many other small RNA’s

Answer 10

RNA P3

Question 11

RNA polymerase does not bind DNA by themselves, so how do they bind and initiate transcription

Answer 11

transcription factors

Question 12

the transcription cycle (3 steps)

Answer 12

initiation
elongation
termination

Question 13

• Pre-initiation complex is formed at the gene promoter (TATA box)
• Promotes formation of an open complex, in which the DNA is unwound allowing RNA pol access

Answer 13

initiation

Question 14

RNA pol forms phosphodiester bonds between adjacent complementary nucleotides … repeated to form the RNA chain

Answer 14

elongation

Question 15

RNA pol reaches signal to stop

Answer 15

termination

Question 16

most common termination - releases mana and RNA polymerase (hairpin like structure)

Answer 16

Rho independent

Question 17

termination of transcription, unzips the mrna within the polymerase

Answer 17

RHO dependent

Question 18

RNA processing occurs in the

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

mature mRNA that exported into the cytoplasm for translation

Answer 19

5’cap and polyA tail

Question 20

RNA capping modifies the 5’end of the transcript mRNA

Answer 20

capping

Question 21

steps of RNA processing

Answer 21

capping
polyadenylation
splicing

Question 22

the 3’ end of the RNA is polyadenylated

Answer 22

polyadenylation

Question 23

removal of introns and splicing of eons to generated a complete mRNA

Answer 23

splicing

Question 24

are necessary for nuclear export of the RNA

Answer 24

capping and polyadenylation

Question 25

enzymes that carry out RNA processing are attached to the phosphorylated tail of the

Answer 25

RNA Pol II