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PSY240 > lecture 10 + ch9 > Flashcards

lecture 10 + ch9 Flashcards

1
Q

objective indicators of sexual arousal

A

change in:
- genital blood flow
- skin conductance
- brain activity

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2
Q

subjective indicators of arousal

A

internal cognitive and emotional processes

outward behaviour

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3
Q

Human sexual response

A

4 phases characterized in terms of vasocongestion and myotonia:

  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution

some versions of this concept add a 5th phase after excitement phase: desire phase

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4
Q

define sexual dysfunction disorders generally

A

recurrent and persistent disruption of any part of normal sexual response cycle

must exist for minimum 6 months and cause sig. distress/impairment

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5
Q

describe + give 2 examples of sexual interest/arousal disorders

A

little to no interest in sexual activity (real or imagined)

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

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6
Q

describe + give 4 examples of orgasmic disorders

A

erectile disorder

female orgasmic disorder

delayed ejaculation disorder

premature ejaculation disorder

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7
Q

what % of the population have erectile disorder (ED)

A

10%

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8
Q

erectile disorder

A

distress and problem w achieving/maintaining an erection during sexual activity

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9
Q

female orgasmic disorder

A

persistent delay or inability to achieve orgasm OR reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations

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10
Q

what % have female orgasmic disorder

A

10-42%

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11
Q

what % have delayed ejaculation

A

<1%

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12
Q

what % have premature ejaculation

A

up to 30%

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13
Q

delayed ejaculation

A

over 6 months, show delay in or lack of ejaculation, causing distress 75-100% of the time

but what counts as delay? this is debated

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14
Q

premature ejaculation

A

ejaculation occurring within 1 min of sexual activity, causing distress (only 1-3% meet this criteria tho)

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15
Q

genito pelvic pain / penetration disorder

A

recurrent issues w:
- vaginal penetration during intercourse
-vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse
- fear/anxiety abt vulvovaginal/pelvic pain
- tensing of pelvic floor muscles during intercourse

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16
Q

describe the two types of pain experienced in genito pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

dyspareunia
- pain during intercourse (initial insertion or upon thrusting)

vaginismus
- muscles of vaginal wall/pelvic floor spasm when vaginal penetration is attempted, paired w pain or fear of pain, and penetration is not possible.

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17
Q

biological causes of sexual dysfunction disorders

A

medical conditions and medications

not exercising/ not normal weight

not limiting alcohol/nicotine use

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18
Q

psychological causes of sexual dysfunction disorders

A

stressful situations

childhood abuse

performance anxiety

psychological conditions

prohibitive beliefs

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19
Q

sociocultural causes for sexual dysfunction disorders

A

relationship itself (like conflict w partner)

gender and cultural scripts

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20
Q

true or false: all treatment options for sexual dysfunction disorder involve psychoeducation

A

true

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21
Q

biological treatment for sexual dys disorders

A

hormone replacement, surgery, penile implants (last resort for E.D)

medications (typically for E.D like viagra, but also genito pelvic pain disorder using creams)

22
Q

why are medications for sexual dys. disorders not always 100% effective?

A

they dont address psychosocial contributions, so its best to combine w psychotherapy

23
Q

psychological treatment for sexual dys. disorders

A

education of sexual anatomy/function

anxiety reduction

changing bad thoughts n beliefs

communication training

structured behavioural exercises (graded tasks that gradually increase amnt of sexual interaction bw partners)

24
Q

true or false: the DSM-5 CLEARLY distinguishes paraphilias and paraphilic disorders

A

true

25
Q

paraphilia

A

sexual arousal or gratification depends on fantasies or behavior involving socially unacceptable objects, situations, or individuals

involves sexual interest in non-normative targets

26
Q

paraphilic disorder

A

this is diagnosed once paraphilia causes significant distress OR harms others or self when acted on

fixation lasts for MORE THAN 6 MONTHS

27
Q

what is more common, paraphilias or paraphilic disorders?

A

paraphilia is common, paraphilic disorders are rare

28
Q

what gender is more likely to have paraphilia or paraphilic disorders?

A

male

29
Q

can ppl w paraphilic disorders have multiple paraphilias or just one?

A

multiple

30
Q

list the categories under paraphilic disorders

A

nonhuman objects

nonconsenting persons

pain or humiliation

other specified paraphilic disorders

31
Q

what disorders fall under the nonhuman objects category

A

fetishistic disorder

transvestic disorder

32
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

strong sexual attraction to/fantasies w inanimate objects OR specific focus on nongenital body parts (like a foot!!!!)

33
Q

transvestic disorder

A

intense sexual arousal associated w fantasies/urges/behaviours involving cross dressing

34
Q

what disorders fall under nonconsenting persons category

A

exhibitionistic
voyeuristic
frotteuristic
pedophilic

35
Q

exhibitionistic disorder

A

urges/acts/fantasies w exposing ones genitals to unsuspecting stranger, often w intent of shocking them

36
Q

voyeuristic disorder

A

urges/acts/fantasies w observing unsuspecting person who is naked or having sex

usually starts before age 15, but only diagnosed once 18

not interested in looking at their partner

not interested in interacting w victim

37
Q

frotteuristic disorder

A

sexual urges/acts/fantasies w touching or rubbing against nonconsenting person

usually from the side or behind, w no eye or face to face contact

38
Q

pedophilic disorder

A

getting sexual gratification thru urges/acts/fantasies w prepubescent / early pubescent kids

does not require an actual sexual act for diagnosis!!!!!

typically starts during adolescence + lasts for entire life

39
Q

what disorders fall under pain or humiliation category

A

sexual sadism
sexual masochism

40
Q

sexual sadism disorder

A

sexual arousal from inflicting physical or psychological suffering on others

may include pretend or actual infliction of pain

extreme forms involve mutilation or murder

activities do not always involve vaginal intercourse

41
Q

sexual masochism disorder

A

sexual arousal from being humiliated, bound or made to suffer

seen in males in females, more common in males

criteria also asks if asphyxiation is present (suffocation/choking)

42
Q

biological causes of paraphilic disorders

A

limbic system dysfunction, PFC dysfunction

43
Q

psychological causes of paraphilic disorders

A

psychodynamic tradition (fear of castration)

learning (accidentally associate sexual arousal w something)

juvenile sex offenders more likely to have unusual sexual interests etc etc

impulsivity or impulse control issues

44
Q

true or false: those w paraphilic disorders tend to not seek treatment on their own

A

true

45
Q

who encourages/forces those with paraphilic disorders to get treatment?

A

courts

their partner

SOMETIMES the person w the disorder if they r distressed or afraid of acting on urges

46
Q

medications to treat paraphilic disorders

A

SSRIs to reduce sexual drive

more effective for disorders w strong affective components but results r inconsistent , so not typically a great option for treatment

47
Q

psychological treatment for paraphilic disorders

A

behavioural approach:
- weakening/eliminating inappropriate behaviour thru extinction or aversive conditioning
- strengthening sexually appropriate behaviour
- develop social skills

cognitive behavioural:
- focus on how person interprets thoughts/emotions in relation to others

relapse prevention

48
Q

gender dysphoria

A

distress or impairment in functioning due to marked incongruence bw ones experienced or expressed gender and ones assigned gender

can b seen in any age group

49
Q

prevalence rate of gender dysphoria

A

.002-.014% (so small wtf)

50
Q

causes of gender dysphoria

A

not much research bc its rare, but possibly:

prenatal exposure to androgens

brain structure (like fibre pathways and cortical thickness)

51
Q

have there been any treatments that show an effect on gender identity or sexual orientation?

A

nope, none!

52
Q

what are some treatments those w gender dysphoria use to help them feel less dysphoric

A

hormone therapy to reduce distress + improve quality of life

gender affirming surgery (ex; change genitals)
- outcomes usually positive but some have issues w sexual arousal/psychological issues
- not recommended prior to young adulthood

PSY240 (6 decks)

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