Lecture 10 - Ankle Complex

Question 1

What are the divisions of the foot and the bones that make up each division?

RL10 S21

Answer 1

Hind foot:

• talus
• calcaneus

Midfoot:

• navicular
• cuboid
• cuneiforms

Forefoot:

• metatarsals
• phalanges

Question 2

What is the talotibial (talocrural) joint?

RL10 S22

Answer 2

“Ankle joint”

Synovial hinge joint in the shape of a mortise and tenon

Mortise:

• fibular and tibial malleolus
• distal tibia

Tenon:
-head of talus

Question 3

Differentiate between the medial collateral and the lateral collateral ligament?

RL10 S23-24

Answer 3

Medial collateral:

• “deltoid ligament”
• consists of tibionavicular, tibocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar
• stronger ligament

Lateral collateral:

• consists of anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular
• weaker ligament

Question 4

What is that talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?

RL10 S26

Answer 4

Forms axis for inversion and eversion

Question 5

What joint is responsible for compensating the forefoot for hindfoot eversion?

RL10 S28

Answer 5

Transverse tarsal joint (talonavicular joint + calcaneocuboid joint)

Question 6

What is pes cavus and pes planus?

RL10 S30

Answer 6

Pes cavus:
-increased arch of foot

Pes planus:
-decreased (flattening) arch of foot

Question 7

What are the primary supports for the arches of the foot?

RL10 S30

Answer 7

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament:
-primary support of medial arch

Long plantar ligament:
-primary support of lateral arch

Plantar aponeurosis

Plantar calaneocuboid

Marginal abductors