Lecture 10/29 COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND LANGUAGE OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS PPT

Question 1

What percentage of school age children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.?

Answer 1

3-5%

Question 2

what percentage is inattentiveness?

Answer 2

20-30%

Question 3

What percentage is hyperactive?

Answer 3

less than 15%

Question 4

What percentage is combination inattentive/hyperactive?

Answer 4

50-75%

Question 5

Research

What did Kaderavek 2011 say about the % of ch with specific lang impairment (SLI) are also diagnosed with ADHD and what are they most likely to be?

Answer 5

• 59%
• Ch with SLI with significant levels of receptive language impairment, are most likely to be impulsive, distractive and overactive

Question 6

Research

What did Blakemore-Brown say about ADHD & Autism spectrum disorder showing overlapping characteristics?

Answer 6

• Research in the U.S. and Europe has shown that ch with autism spectrum disorder as well as ADHD show overlapping characteristics
• parents complained that outwardly normal ch mainly boys, seemed to “have a connection missing”
• These boys were impulsive, did not listen to rules, were clumsy, and could not control their temper outbursts
• they lost track of time and parents had to breathe down their necks for every little task and deadline.
• In both Europe and the U.S., professionals are working to disentangle the diagnoses as well as find their commonalities.

Question 7

Research

What did Tannock & Marinussen say about what areas of the brain are impacted when children have ADHD?

And what are the non-genetic factors of ADHD?

Answer 7

• Basal ganglia, & regions of the cerebellum are significantly smaller in children with ADHD
• non-genetic factors: premature birth, maternal use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood

Question 8

Researchers are showing what about TV watching before 2 years of age?

Answer 8

• It is correlated with attention problems later on.
• Ch 3-5 years of age should only watch educational nonviolent programs
• for ch who are exposed early, school is boring, non interactive, and slow
• TV topics are presented briefly on screen with lots of of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement and flashes of color

Question 9

Research

What did University of Michigan Health System 2012 say about “Television and children”?

Answer 9

• On average, ch ages 2-5 yrs spend 32 hours a week watching TV
• 6-11 year olds watch TV 28 hours a week
• By 18 yrs old the average American ch will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV

Question 10

Research

What did Morris, 2011; Westby, 2011 say about computer use and executive functioning?

Answer 10

• Computer use has become more widespread and has many benefits, but there can also be drawbacks with EF skills
• General browsing encourages the use of multitasking and continuous partial attention, which can cause irritability and impair cognition
• playing computer games can impair the development of the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior.
• Every hour of TV/Video game (VG) use per day increases a child’s risk of developing attention problems
• Children become wired for high speed stimulation
• According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, ch under age 2 should not watch TV or play VGs.

Question 11

ADHD occurs due to a combination of factors, what are those factors?

Answer 11

• genetics
• dopamine imbalance
• insufficiency of neurotransmitters

Question 12

What is executive function?

Answer 12

our capacity to plan ahead to achieve goals

Question 13

When a child has been exposed to a great deal of screen time in her childhood, what is the effect?

Answer 13

• it is difficult for a student to think, plan, and reflect

Question 14

What do we as SLPs need to do to encourage caregivers and students to do about screen time?

Answer 14

to unplug and get moving!