11.14 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN FROM LOW-INCOME BACKGROUNDS Flashcards
What does research suggest about the amount of money needed to meet a families basic needs?
families need an income approximately two times greater than federal poverty levels
Research:
What does the National center for children in poverty, 2006 state re: level of parents education?
for children from low income families, 26% live w/ parents who have less than a high school education; 35% live with parents who have a high school diploma, and 39% live with parents who have some college or more.
(over 1/3 have some college or more!–know that)
In terms of race and ethnicity, which races have the highest % of children living in low SES homes?
Hispanics and African Americans
- 27% white
-30% asian
-61% African American
-63% Hispanic
(lowest income statistically-are african americans and hispanics–don’t need specifics)
Research:
According to the Forum on Family and Child Statistics, 2006 said what about single income homes?
- children in single-parent homes are much more vulnerable to poverty
- in 2004, children living in single householder families with no husband present experienced a higher poverty rate (42%) than children living in married-couple families (9%)
Research
according to www.nwlc.org (2011) said what about jobs & minimum wage?
- last year 7.7% of African American & 8.5% of Hispanic women worked in jobs that paid at or below minimum wage, as compared to 4.3% of white men
- African American and Hispanic women are more likely to be heads of households
- Married household’s median income was $71,830, while female-headed households earned $32,597
Research
2008 United States Estimates, facts, and figures said what about industry type jobs?
-standard of living for those in bottom 10% is lower in U.S. than any other developed nation except the United Kingdom
U.S. shifting from manufacturing industrial society to service-oriented, high tech society, many blue collar jobs requiring little education but paying well are disappearing/being outsourced.
Research
2008 statistics show how much (%) of a household’s income is spent on food?
poor families with three or more people spend about 1/3 (33%) of their income on food
Research Time Magazine (1/7/11) said what regarding jobs and degrees held?
- In 2012, 37.6% of jobs will require a bachelor’s degree or higher
- 26.2% of jobs will require a high school diploma with no college
- 8.5% of jobs will require less than a high school diploma
What is happening in terms of blue-collar positions?
- are decreasing
- adults with low literacy skills there are fewer choices
- in many countries like the Philippines, many jobs such as fishing and farming that do not require literacy skills
- The U.S. offers very few of those jobs
Research What does Neuman, 2009-pg. 11--state about the class system in America?
-perhaps for the first time in its history, America now has a caste-like underclass of unskilled and illiterate persons with no counterpart in the western world
What do homeless children and youth lack?
a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence
Where do homeless youth live?
cars, parks, public places, abandoned buildings, or bus & train stations
Research
What is homelessness according to the natinoal alliance to end homlessness, 2012?
Inability of people to pay for housing, impacted by both income and affordability of available housing
What happened to the number of low SES households that spent more than 50% on rent?
increased by 6% from 5.9 million in 2009 to 6.2 million in 2010
What was found abut families making an annual income of $9,400?
(national alliance to end homlessness, 2012)
The average real income of working poor people increased by less than 1% from 2009 to 2010.
-There was not a single county in the nation where a family with an average annual income of $9,400 could afford fair market rent for a 1-bedroom unit
What are potential negative effects of problems on children? –(13)
- homlessness–>irregular attendance
- lack of food–>learning problems, and stunted physical growth
- neighborhood problems such as increased exposure to crime and violence, post traumatic stress syndrome
- inferior schools
- fewer safe places for children to learn, play, and explore
- fewer learning resources such as books, quality child care, good libraries
- family stress, including parental depression, fighting, potential neglect, and abuse of children
- home and work responsibilities take priority over school
- Fewer extracurricular activities, travel opportunities
- asthma
- exposure to lead
- prematurity
- lack of access to health care, including dental care
Research
What does Hepp, 2011-ASHA leader “protecting children from neurotoxicants say?
- low SES children have increased exposure to neurotoxicants than middle-SES children (e.g., cigarette smoke, lead)
- these neurotoxicants linked to things such as mental retardation and learning disabilities
When it is dangerous outside, what are the effects on the children?
- children stay indoors, watch TV
- Some low-SES children watch up to 11 hrs. of TV a day
What is generational poverty?
poverty affects family for 2 or more generations
what are characteristics of generational poverty?
- usually welfare lifestyle
- lack of planning for future, it’s all about the present
- “the world owes me”
