lecture 10

Question 1

nonlocal dependancies

Answer 1

dependencies that expand over a longer period of time, instead of just adjacent notes

Question 5

later/earlier replanning

Question 6

Violation of expectancy classical pianists vs jazz pianists

Answer 6

the jazz pianists replan earlier more versatile and could throw down something that sounds right to replan than the inflexible classical pianists who are used to

Question 7

ERP

Question 8

ERAN

Answer 8

• differences are seen in musicians specializing in different genres

Question 9

Gun and Koelsch (2016) experiement with ERAN latency

Answer 9

• manipulated whether or not participants were expecting a brief sequence of chords to end on a syntactically irregular chord
• cueing participants about the irregular chord affected the latency of the ERAN (thought the amplitude was relatively unaffected)
• noticed the apparent (modest) effect of musicianship

Question 10

abnormal ERANS

Answer 10

• it emerges childre

Question 13

binaural beats

Answer 13

auditory stimuli that present slightly different frequencies to each ear

Question 14

how do they create

Question 17

phase locking

Answer 17

• a synchronization between the sound wave and pattern of hair cell firing
• firing at the peak and stop at the valley/trough

Question 23

how do neural oscillations play a role in binaural beats?

Answer 23

OBSERVED BY EEG

• beta-band activity: correlated with beat/rhythm perception, memories and arousal
• gamma: intentional or controlled top-down mediated, retrieval of memories
• alpha: lower arousal and divergent (creative) thinking, sleep

Question 24

how can we intrain the brain to particular rhythms?

Question 26

evidence for dopamine role in creativity

Answer 26

• promotes creative thinking
• positive mood can enhance creativity
• schizophrenics w high levels of dopamine in parts of the brain demonstrate higher creativity
• people feel more creative under the influence of various substances that alter dopamine function