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Genetics > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the complex of chromosomal DNA and the proteins that associate with the DNA across regions of the chromosome.

A

Chromatin

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2
Q

don’t really have chromatin although there are some proteins binding the DNA

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What type of chromatin conformation allows transcription to take place

A

Open conformation

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4
Q

What kind of Heterochromatin? Always there, used for genome stability

A

Constitutive

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5
Q

What kind of Heterochromatin? Signals cause it to be assembled or disassembled, control gene expression

A

Faculatative

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6
Q

Bacterial restriction enzymes cleave ___ DNA regardless of whether it is packaged in euchromatin or heterochromatin

A

eukaryotic

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7
Q

Is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into many tiny pieces

A

DNase 1

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8
Q

eukaryotic DNase I cleaves DNA more readily when it is in….

A

Euchromatin

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9
Q

Cannot stop the DNase 1 from cleaving DNA into little pieces

A

Euchromatin

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10
Q

Stops the DNase 1 from cleaning the dna of the gene

A

Heterochromatin

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11
Q

What kind of molecules run further in a Southern Blot

A

Small

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12
Q

Why does DNA get stuck in the nylon membrane?

A

Because of its Positive charge

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13
Q

the b-globin locus expresses hemoglobin subunit only in blood cells is an example of what kind of chromatin

A

Facultative Heterochromatin

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14
Q

A type of anemia (less oxygen delivered to the body) caused by a deletion in on copy of the b-globin locus

A

Beta-Thalassemia

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15
Q

Sout hern blots show that
the Hispanic Thalassemic deletion leads to DNase I insensitivity at what gene?

A

beta globin gene

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16
Q

The hispanic deletion Removes the…

A

LCR

17
Q

The heterochromatin at the Beta-globin locus is an example of

A

epigenetic gene regulation

18
Q

is heritable gene expression or gene silencing that can be passed from cell to cell or from generation to generation and is reversible, but does not involve a change in the DNA sequence.

A

Epigenetic gene inheritance

19
Q

Epigenetic gene inheritance contains what chromatin structures

A

Repressive

20
Q

forms over repetitive sequences and spreads beyond the repetitive sequences

A

Constitutive Heterochromatin (repressive)

21
Q

Clusters of repetitive sequences form continuous ___ domains

A

heterochromatin

22
Q

Many copies of a repetitive sequence reinforce each other in the formation of ___. Such “strong” ___ spreads variable distances into ___.

A

heterochromatin, heterochromatin, Euchromatin

23
Q

When Heterochromatin spreads, it does what to the reporter gene?

When it contracts, what happens to the reporter gene?

A

Silences, expressed

24
Q

Heterochromatin and Euchromatin compete for the ____.

What wins more if overexpressed?

A

Genome, euchromatin

25
Q

DNA methylation occurs in hetero or euchromatin

A

Heterochromatin

26
Q

In dna methylation, only __ gets methylated, followed by __

A

Cytosines, guanine

27
Q

he Agouti gene more highly expressed unmethylated when the ERV is in…

A

Euchromatin

28
Q

What is healthier: agouti or yellow fur

A

Agouti

29
Q

What supplement in diet of mice is a methyl donor for DNA Methylation?

A

Folate

30
Q

Folate promotes what color of mice

A

Agouti

31
Q

Alcohol effects what: agouti and yellow fur

A

Higher proportion of agouti color

32
Q

What fraction of amino acids in histone in tails form nucleosome

A

1/4

33
Q

When dna is in euchromatin, ___ of all 4 histone tails get acetylated

A

Lysine

34
Q

The amino acids in each histone are numbered starting at the tip of the

A

N terminal tail

35
Q

Thr ee alternate tri-methylation sites on Histone ___ represent three alternate repressive chromatin (heterochromatin) structures.

A

H3

36
Q

Features of closed/repressive chromatin (Heterochromatin)

A

3 methyls on lysine 9, lysine 27, lysine 36

37
Q

causes the nucleosome to be bound by a protein called ‘Heterochromatin Protein 1’ (HP1)

A

Lysine 9 of H3

38
Q

causes the nucleosome to be bound by a complex of Polycomb (heterochromatin) proteins called ‘PRC1’

A

Lysine 27 on H3

39
Q

proteins that bind nucleosomes with this histone modification have not (yet) been identified

A

Lysine 36 H3

Genetics (11 decks)

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