Lecture 10-11 Flashcards
What is the max number of diff. alleles for a single gene that one person can have?
2, one from each parent
What is the maximum number of alleles for a single gene that can be observed in a population?
Many
eg. socks (only two per pair, but the combinations are endless)
**Define haplosufficient.
when one wild type allele is sufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype
aka. similar result as complete dominance
**What is the difference between dominance/recessive and sufficiency?
Genes can be haplo(in)sufficient, but only mutant alleles can be dominant or recessive
**Define haploinsufficient.
When the wild-type allele is recessive
Define wild-type.
describes the trait/allele that is most common in a natural population
Define null/amorphic.
“zero” or “w/o form”
A loss of function mutation which produces no functional gene (abnormal products)
-often recessive and lethal in homozygous genotype
Define dominant negative.
a loss of function mutation and result of abnormal polypeptide interaction–> dominant
Define hypomorphic.
aka a leaky mutation
a loss of function mutation resulting in partial loss of gene function
-often recessive and homozygous is lethal
Define hypermorphic.
a gain of function mutation increased gene activity, “overdrive”
lethal in homozygotes
Define neomorphic.
a gain of function mutation where the gene gains activities not found in the w+
Define incomplete/partial dominance.
When a phenotype in a heterozygous organism is an intermediate between the homo. phenos., but more similar to one pheno, than the other
Define codominance.
The equal and detectable expression of both alleles in a heterozygous organism.
**Define allelic series.
A group of alleles of a genes that display a hierarchy of dominance relationship among them.
Define temperature-sensitive allele.
A mutation evident only at or above a certain temp, due to an abnormality of the protein product that affects stability.
