Lecture # 1 The Biopsychosocial Model, Society, and Culture

Question 1

Biomedical Approach

Answer 1

Focuses narrowly on the physical aspects of illness

Question 2

BPS Approach

Answer 2

Illness cannot be understood by biological aspects alone. It must be understood by first, understanding illness is determined by a variety of influences, rather than a single cause. Second, the causes and effects of illness can be examined at multiple levels in the life of an individual. (No single level provides the entire picture)

Question 3

Social Constructionism

Answer 3

Human actors construct or create “reality,” rather than discovering a reality that has inherent validity. In this view, the beliefs and shared understandings of individuals create social realities.

Question 4

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 4

related to social constructionism, but on a smaller scale; perspective states that through social interactions, individuals develop shared meanings and labels through symbols- terms, concepts, or items that represent specific meanings by accepted conventions. FLAW: leaves out larger levels of society

Question 5

Social Functionalism

Answer 5

States that factions of society works together to maintain stability. Claims that society, like an organism, is a system that consists of different components working together.

Question 6

Conflict Theory

Answer 6

related to social functionalism; views society in terms of competing groups that act according to their own self interests, rather than according to the need for societal equilibrium. States that social groups naturally collide because of their interests, and that society changes overtime due to continual competition for resources and power.

Question 7

What does social functionalism and conflict theory not account for?

Answer 7

Does not account for social life on small scales.

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

All the beliefs, assumptions, objects, behaviors, and processes that make up a shared way of life.

Question 9

Material Culture

Answer 9

Refers to objects involved in a certain way of life (products manufactured, tools used, art made, etc): discovered by an archaeologist

Question 10

Non-material Culture

Answer 10

Refers to elements of culture that are not physical. (Shared Ideas, knowledge, assumptions, values, and beliefs): discovered by someone living with a different culture.

Question 11

Social norms

Answer 11

What behavior is acceptable within a group.

Question 12

Social group

Answer 12

a subset of a population that maintains social interactions.

Question 13

Symbolic Culture

Answer 13

Type on non-material culture that consist of the elements of culture that have meaning only in the mind. (rituals, gestures, objects, handshakes, etc.)

Question 14

Society

Answer 14

two or more individuals living together in a community and/or sharing elements of culture.

Question 15

Social institutions

Answer 15

hierarchical systems that bring order to interpersonal interactions, structuring society.

Question 16

Demographics

Answer 16

Statistics used to examine the nature of a specific population by quantifying subsets of that population. (age, gender, race, etc.)

Question 17

Demographic Transition

Answer 17

a demographic change that takes place over time.

Question 18

Cohort Study

Answer 18

Following a subset of a population over time

Question 19

Period Study

Answer 19

Examining a phenomenon during a specific period of time.

Question 20

Social movement

Answer 20

A group of people who share an ideology and work together toward a specified set of goals.

Question 21

Globalization

Answer 21

The increasing amount of interaction and integration on the international scale through the exchange of products, services, ideas, and information.

Question 22

Social inequality

Answer 22

The unequal distribution of opportunities of opportunities or treatment of individuals within a society based on various demographic categories.

Question 23

Spatial inequality

Answer 23

the unequal access to resources and variable quality of life within a population or geographical distribution.

Question 24

Global inequality

Answer 24

disparities between regions and nations in aspects such as GDP, natural resources, access to health care, and types or amounts of work available.

Question 25

Environmental justice

Answer 25

the equal treatment of all people regardless of race, gender, or other social grouping with regard to prevention and relief from environmental and health hazards.

Question 26

Residential inequality

Answer 26

social inequality on the local scale; the separation of demographic groups into different neighborhoods.

Question 27

Social Class

Answer 27

category of social inequality; a system of stratification that groups members of society according to similarity in social standing.

Question 28

Power

Answer 28

Influence

Question 29

Privilege

Answer 29

Someone who has power and opportunity over those who lack privilege.

Question 30

Prestige

Answer 30

The relative value assigned to something within a particular society.

Question 31

People in higher social classes tend to have the three big P’s…

Answer 31

Power, Prestige, and privilege.

Question 32

Upward mobility

Answer 32

Moving up the class system; achieved through education, marriage, and career or financial success.

Question 33

Downward mobility

Answer 33

Moving down the class system; occurs as a result of unemployment or underemployment, reduced household income due to divorce, lack of education, or health issues.

Question 34

Intragenerational mobility

Answer 34

upward or downward mobility in one generation

Question 35

intergenerational mobility

Answer 35

upward or downward mobility in subsequent generations.

Question 36

meritocracy

Answer 36

a society in which advancement is based solely on the abilities and achievements of the individual.

Question 37

Cultural capital

Answer 37

The set of non-monetary social factors that contribute to social mobility. (dress, accent, vernacular, manners, education, cultural knowledge, and intellectual pursuits.)

Question 38

Social capital

Answer 38

“Who you know” An individual’s social networks and connections that may confer economic and/or personal benefits.

Question 39

Social reproduction

Answer 39

The transmission of social inequality from one generation to the next.

Question 40

Poverty

Answer 40

an insufficiency of material goods, monetary wealth, and access to resources.

Question 41

Social isolation/exclusion

Answer 41

termed used to describe the lack of resources and opportunity among people who live in poverty.

Question 42

Absolute Poverty

Answer 42

describes a lack of essential resources such as food, shelter, clothing and hygiene

Question 43

Relative Poverty

Answer 43

describes social inequality in which people are relatively poor compared to other members of the society in which they live.

Question 44

Healthcare disparity/inequity

Answer 44

Refers to differences in health and healthcare that occur between groups of people.