Khan Academy Social Inequality: Supplemental to Lecture # 1

Question 1

Gender pay gap

Answer 1

Women are paid less than their male colleagues, for the same amount and type of work

Question 2

Glass ceiling effect

Answer 2

Women are not equally represented in areas of leadership (CEO, Presidents, or other executive positions)

Question 3

Horizontal Mobility

Answer 3

No movement up or down the social ladder, only within the same class (Transfer to different branch or company, or obtain a job with the same pay.)

Question 4

Caste System

Answer 4

System defined by limited social mobility. The wealth and position allotted to you in life is determined by your families’ background. Change can occur by marriage.

Question 5

Social reproduction

Answer 5

The transmission of social inequalities from one generation to the next

Question 6

What are the three types of capital that influence social reproduction?

Answer 6

1) Financial capital - money to be invested 2) Social capital - social influence and connections made 3) Cultural capital - cultural experiences people have

Question 7

Does the educational system remedy social reproduction?

Answer 7

It may in fact contribute to social stratification. The cultural and social capital of lower classes may be under emphasized in education when compared to that of the upper class.

Question 8

Social exclusion

Answer 8

Forces in society that keep others from experiencing the benefits (resources) of education, health, and others. (Causes: poverty, ill health, discrimination,

Question 9

Disenfranchise

Answer 9

To deprive someone of a right or privilege. Deprivation of power; marginalization.

Question 10

Social Isolation

Answer 10

(voluntary); people separate themselves from society in order to preserve culture or some other factor (Amish, communities).

Question 11

Residential Concentration

Answer 11

Large group of a demographic (race, classs) being clustered together as opposed to another class or race.

Question 12

Residential Centralization

Answer 12

Separation where groups are located in the center of an area.

Question 13

Index of dissimilarity

Answer 13

(Scale of 100-0) 100 being perfect distribution of people, 0 being total segregation of people.

Question 14

Why is residential segregation important?

Answer 14

1) Political isolation - segregated areas do not have political interest that line up with the rest of society (Votes don’t matter) 2) Linguistic isolation - have their own language makes it difficult to communicate/integrate with other cities 3) lower quality resources

Question 15

Spacial Mismatch

Answer 15

Resources are available to people, but they are too far away to take advantage of.

Question 16

The Champagne Glass Figure (Right side Up)

Answer 16

Used to describe social inequality. Top 1/5 percent own 82.7 % of the population, whereas the bottom 1/5 own only 1.5 %, middle 3/5 % only own 16% of the wealth. (The richest 85 people have more wealth than the bottom 3.5 billion people.)

Question 17

The Champagne Glass Figure (upside down)

Answer 17

Maternal mortality rate representation. Underdeveloped areas in the world have incredibly higher rates of mortality when compared to developed parts of the world

Question 18

Ethnicity

Answer 18

Groups set apart by national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.

Question 19

Race

Answer 19

physical traits.

Question 20

Just World Phenomenon

Answer 20

The assumption that the world is just and that people get what they deserve (excuse used so that people in power can justify having more that others “They are like that because they are lazy.”)

Question 21

Morbidity

Answer 21

The quality of being unhealthy.

Question 22

Intersectionality

Answer 22

Overlapping areas of discrimination (black, female, Buddhist) may have three areas of discrimination.

Question 23

Class Consciousness

Answer 23

Solidarity amongst lower class workers against owners or those with more money.

Question 24

False Consciousness

Answer 24

Workers cannot see their exploitation/oppression; can be caused by the owners (promote)

Question 25

Structuralism

Answer 25

he theory that elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or structure. It works to uncover the structures that underlie all the things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

Question 26

Social disorganization theory

Answer 26

The theory directly links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics; a core principle of social disorganization theory is that place matters. In other words, a person’s residential location is a substantial factor shaping the likelihood that that person will become involved in illegal activities. (ethnic heterogeneity levels, poverty levels, residential mobility)

Question 27

Residential mobility

Answer 27

Number of moves for an individual or percentage having moved recently for a neighborhood. Associated with the primacy of the personal over the collective self.

Question 28

Traits of the social disorganization model

Answer 28

Neighborhood, environment, or ecological factors.

Question 29

Alienation of labor

Answer 29

A worker loses the ability to determine his/her own identity, and the ability to own the goods they produce.

Question 30

Institutional racism

Answer 30

a form of racism expressed in the practice of political institutions, as distinct from racism by individuals or informal social groups.

Question 31

Culture of poverty

Answer 31

The belief that poor people develop a unique value structure to deal with their lack of success in society because they are resigned to their lower socio-economic position