Lecture 1 - Superficial Back and Scapular Region Flashcards
How many bones in the human body
206
the bones can be divided into 2 groups:
- Axial skeleton (green = 80 bones)
- Appendicular Skeleton (tan = 126 bones)
Name the missing structure
Clavicle
Name the missing structure
Scapula
Name the missing structure
Humerus
Name the missing structures
Ulna and radius
Name the missing structures
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Why is there only 14 phalanges?
Thumb only has 2 phalanges, while the other digits have 3 phalanges
What 3 types of surfaces form joints?
- Head
- Facet
- Condyle
Head
Bony expansion carried on narrow neck
Facet
Smooth articular surface
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
What 6 projections are the site of muscle and ligament attachment
- Process
- Tubercle
- Tuberosity
- Spine
- Crest
- Line
Process
Any bony prominence
Tubercle
Small rounded projection
Tuberosity
Large rounded projections (can be rough)
Spine
Sharp slender projection
Crest
Narrow ridge
Line
Narrow ridge; less prominent than crest
Name 3 types of depressions and openings
- Fossa
- Notch
- Foramen
Fossa
Shallow depression
Notch
Indentation on edge of structure
Foramen
Round/oval opening through bone
What structure of the scapula is missing
Glenoid Cavity
What structure of the scapula is missing
Acromion
What structure of the scapula is missing
Coracoid Process
What structure of the scapula is missing
Suprascapular notch
What structure of the scapula is missing
Supraspinous fossa
What structure of the scapula is missing
Subscapular fossa
What structure of the scapula is missing
Infraspinous fossa
What structure of the scapula is missing
Superior Angle
What structure of the scapula is missing
Medial Border
What structure of the scapula is missing
Inferior Angle
What structure of the scapula is missing
Lateral Border
What two bone structure does the shoulder girdle consist of
- Clavicle
- Scapula
What 2 joints are found in the shoulder girdle
- Sterno-clavicular joint
- Acromio-clavicular joint
Which joint is the only articulation between the axial and appendicular skeleton for the upper limb?
Sterno-clavicular joint
What structure is missing from the shoulder girdle
Manubrium
What structure is missing from the shoulder girdle
Humerus
What structure is missing from the shoulder girdle
Scapula
What structure is missing from the shoulder girdle
Clavicle
What structure is missing from the shoulder girdle
Body of Sternum
What are the 6 movements of the shoulder girdle
- Elevation
- Depression
- Retraction
- Protraction
- Upward Rotation (inferior angle rotates outward because acromion tips cant bang into humerus)
- Downward Rotation
Name these 4 bony landmarks in the shoulder joint
- Coracoid process
- Suprascapular notch
- Greater tubercle
- Lesser tubercle
Name the 7 shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) movements
Abduction
Move away from midline
Adduction
Move toward midline
Extension
Movement posterior
Flexion
Movement anterior
Lateral Rotation
Pivot at head of humerus to twist and move away from midline
Medial Rotation
Pivot at head of humerus to twist and move toward midline
Circumduction
Windmill (combination of flexion and extension)
Muscles of the scapular region can be separated into what 2 categories
- Extrinsic
- Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Connect upper limb to vertebral column
Intrinsic
Muscles of the shoulder joint
Extrinsic muscles can be divided into what 2 categories
- Superficial
- Deep
What are the 2 superficial extrinsic muscles of the scapular region
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
What are the 3 deep muscles of the scapular region
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid Minor
- Rhomboid Major
Name the missing muscle
Trapezius
Name the missing muscle
Latissimus Dorsi
Name the missing muscle
Levator Scapulae
Name the missing muscle
Rhomboid Minor
Name the missing muscle
Rhomboid Major
Name the 6 intrinsic muscles of the scapular region
Name the missing muscle
Deltoid
Name the missing muscle
Subscapularis
Name the missing muscle
Supraspinatus
Name the missing muscle
Infraspinatus
Name the missing muscle
Teres Minor
Name the missing muscle
Teres Major
T or F: Muscles cannot act on joints they cross
False, they can
Name the 4 muscle movements/actions of the trapezius
Name the 3 muscle movements/actions the latissimus dorsi does
How does the latissimus dorsi cause medial rotation?
Goes through the axilla (armpit), which causes pivot at head of humerus
What are the 2 muscle actions/movements of the levator scapulae
How does the levator scapulae cause downward rotation?
By bringing the inferior angle in more medially
What are the 2 muscle actions/movements of the rhomboid minor
Name the 2 muscle movements/actions the rhomboid major does
T or F: The Rhomboid minor and major have the same actions, but the rhomboid major has a larger muscle mass
T
Name the 5 movements of the deltoid
The anterior fibers of the deltoid cause
flexion
The posterior fibers of the deltoid cause
extension
T or F: The deltoid does not capsulate the entire shoulder joint so pivoting cannot occur
F, it does encapsulate the entire shoulder joint allowing pivoting
The supraspinatus causes which movement
The supraspinatus only…
initiates abduction by pulling on greater tubercle of humerus to move laterally (abduction)
How do the supraspinatus and deltoid work together
The supraspinatus initiates abduction, while the deltoid takes over to cause full abduction
What movement does the infraspinatus aid in
How does the infraspinatus cause lateral rotation
It attaches lower on the greater tubercule of the humerus and crosses on the back of the shoulder joint
Name the 2 movements of the teres minor
What 3 muscles work together to cause lateral rotation
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Deltoid
Name the 2 movements the teres major does
How does the teres major cause adduction
By contracting after a muscle is stretched bringing the arm closer to the midline
How does the teres major cause medial rotation
Travels on anterior of shoulder joint by crossing axilla
Name the 2 movements/actions caused by subscapularis
How does the subscapularis cause medial rotation
Crosses on front of shoulder joint and attaches to lesser tubercule
What nerve innervates the trapezius
Accessory Nerve
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal Nerve
What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
What nerve innervates the rhomboid minor
Dorsal scapular nerve
What nerve innervates the rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular nerve
What nerve innervates the deltoid
Axillary nerve
What nerves innervates the subscapularis
Inferior and Superior Subscapular Nerve
What nerve innervates the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
What nerve innervates the infraspinatus
Suprascapular Nerve
What nerve innervates the teres minor
Axillary Nerve
What nerve innervates the teres major
Inferior Subscapular Nerve
What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff, and the nerves that innervate each one?
SITS
1. Subscapularis - Inferior and superior subscapular nerve
2. Infraspinatus - Suprascapular Nerve
3. Teres Minor - Axillary Nerve
4. Supraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve
Name all bones of arm missing
Name all parts of scapula missing
Name all parts of shoulder girdle missing, including the 2 joints
Name all 5 of the extrinsic muscles of the scapular region
Name all 6 intrinsic muscles of the scapular region
What 2 muscles are involved in elevation of the scapula
- Trapezius
- Levator Scapulae
What muscle is involved in depression of the scapula
Trapezius
What 3 muscles are involved in retraction of the scapula
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid Minor
- Rhomboid Major
What muscle is involved in upward rotation of the scapula
Trapezius
What 4 muscles are involved in adduction
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres minor
- Teres Major
- Subscapularis
What 2 muscles are involved in extension
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Deltoid
What 4 muscles are involved in medial rotation
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Deltoid
- Teres Major
- Subscapularis
What 3 muscles are involved in downward rotation of the scapula
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid Minor
- Rhomboid Major
What 2 muscles are involved in abduction
- Deltoid
- Supraspinatus (initiates)
What muscle is involved in flexion?
Deltoid
What 3 muscles are involved in lateral rotation?
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
What muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve
Trapezius
What 3 muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerves
- Levator Scapula
- Rhomboid Major
- Rhomboid Minor
What 2 muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve
- Deltoid
- Teres Minor
What 2 muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
What muscles are innervated by the inferior scapular nerve
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
What muscle is innervated by both the inferior and superior subscapular nerve
Subscapularis
