Lecture 1 Recovery of function Flashcards
What is neural plasticity
The capacity for neurons to structurally and functionally adapt.
Learning dependent
Experience dependent
Use dependent
What is an example direct neurophysiologic consequence of injury?
Tissue damage
What are some indirect neurophysiologic consequences?
Changes in blood flow Metabolic Changes CSF flow Edema Diaschisis Orthograde degeneration retrograde degeneration
What is functional Recovery?
Improved function following injury
Doesn’t distinguish between movement strategies and or underlying processes used for function
What is neural recovery?
Neurophysi level
Funcitoning relies on to original (pre-injury) processes
For recovery of motor control, what is skill reacquisition?
Spontaneous return to original processing
Experience-dependent (repeated practice)
What is the behavioral level for recovery of motor control?
Perform previously lost or impaired movement or task exactly the same prior to injury
What is the neurophysiological level for recovery of motor control?
Restoration of motor function within an area of the motor cortex that was initially lost after injury
What is the behavioral level for Compensation?
Use of new movements or movement sequence to perform a task different than used before injury
What is the neurophysiological level for compensation?
Areas of the motor cortex adapt to take on motor functions lost after the injury
What is restoration?
Re-engaging neurally intact areas affected indirectly by lesion.
Spontaneous recovery
Explains why paralyzed limb moves norm after period of non use
What is recruitment?
Enlisting motor areas with capacity to contribute to lost motor function by may not normally have been contributing before injury
Not necessarily acquiring new function
What is retraining?
Motor cortex adapts existing function or takes on NEW functions to support functional improvement.
Ex lost digit representation re-emerge in areas of the motor cortex that used to contain elbow or shoulder representations
List individual(patient) factors influencing the recovery of function after neural injury.
Age- Neuroplasticity gets worse as you age Weight Pre injury factors Lesion size Rate of lesion development Altered force control Visual/somatosensory impairments Cognition
List environmental factors influencing the recovery of function after neural injury.
Pharmacologic
Environmental enrichment (opportunity to learn, physical activity, social interaction)
Clinician training and expertise