Lecture 1 part 3 Flashcards
NCA (______________):
Directly analyzes concentration-time data.
Does not assume a particular model or number of
compartments.
Common parameters: AUC (Area Under Curve), Cmax
(Maximum Concentration), T½ (Half-life).
Non-compartmental Analysis
Focuses on the individual patient.
Utilizes patient-specific data to generate a PK model.
Helps to determine individualized drug dosing
strategies.
Modeling - Individual PK
Considers a group or population of individuals.
Determines variability in drug concentration profiles
among the population.
Useful in drug development and approval processes.
Population PK
To equip you with the tools you need (knowledge of PK!) to determine the proper dose; a dose that will be therapeutic but not toxic in an individual patient possessing a particular set of physiological characteristics:
This course has accomplished its purpose only IF:
YOU CAN DO FIVE RIGHTS!
Right Drug,Right Patient, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time
Why Study Pharmacokinetics?
How often?
How much?
What factors affect response?
What happens between dosing and effect?
Dynamic relationship between drug, ________, and the pharmacologic effect
drug product
Relationship Between Man and Drug
Dosage Regimen–>Exposure to Drug with Body–>__________
Desired and Adverse Effects
What happens between dosing and effect?
Pharmacological effects correlated to the drug concentration in plasma
Plasma drug concentration: An excellent predictor of _____________
drug action
_________________
Fate of the drug in the body
What the body does to the drug?
The science of the kinetics of ADME(drug absorption, distribution ,and elimination (i.e., metabolism and
excretion)
Pharmacokinetics (PK)
________________
The actions of the drug in the body
Mechanisms of drug actions
What drug does to the body?
Relationship between the drug concentration at the site of action (receptor) and pharmacologic response
Pharmacodynamics (PD)
What is Pharmacokinetics?
The study of the time course of drug absorption and disposition (distribution and elimination)
___________ – rapid and not reversible
Absorption
___________ – rapid and reversible
Distribution
____________– metabolism and excretion
Elimination
Clinical PK
Application of PK principles to the safe and effective drug therapy;Pharmacotherapy
Primary goal: enhancing efficacy and decreasing toxicity of a patient’s drug therapy
Multidisciplinary approach to individually optimized dosing strategies based on the patient’ s disease state and patient-specific considerations
Why Clinical PK?
Because all drugs exhibit ____________
effects
Successful drug therapy achieved by optimally balancing desirable and undesirable effects
Optimal therapy achieved by:
Selection of appropriate drug choice
Accurate disease diagnosis
Knowledge of clinical state of patient
Pharmaco-therapeutic management of disease
undesirable
Why Clinical PK?
How ________? Magnitude of therapeutic and toxic responses are functions of dose
How _________? (Time) Magnitude of effect eventually declines following a single dose
How long ? (Cost) Magnitude of side effects, toxicity and cost depend on duration of therapy
much
often
Practical focus: Relationship of drug
concentrations to drug response
