Lecture 1 part 1

Question 1

The use of drugs to treat or ameliorate disease goes back to the dawn of history

Question 2

Drugs are _____________ (foreign to the body), have potential to cause harm (if used inappropriately or in the wrong dose)

Answer 2

XENOBIOTICS

Question 3

The question is :

What is the right dose and how
you determine that?!

The medieval physician/alchemist Paracelsus (
Father of the current modern toxicology) said:

“Only THE dose makes a thing not a poison”

“Solely THE dose determines that a thing is not a poison”

Question 4

Pharmacokinetics; a very powerful scientific tool. From a limited data, one can predict ___________ in the future time

Answer 4

concentration

Question 5

No other member of the health care team is trained in PK (gives the pharmacist unique capabilities to improve the patient’s drug therapy)

Question 6

In the absence of PK information, plasma drug levels are relatively useless for dosage adjustment

Question 7

There is often a relationship between plasma concentrations and the elicited effect by the drug

Question 8

PK models allow more accurate interpretation of the relationship between plasma drug levels and pharmacologic response

Question 9

To evaluate the effect of disease states on drug ___________

Answer 9

behavior

Question 10

Why Study Pharmacokinetics?

As dose increase, drug concentrations in the body usually __________ (But, NOT always!)

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

Plasma concentrations are dictated not only by the size of the dose, but also the rate at which drug is eliminated and the extent that the drug is distributed into the tissues

Question 12

Why Study Pharmacokinetics?

Due to physiological and anatomical differences, people differ in their rate of elimination, and extent of distribution

PK can be used to: understand variability in response, individualized dosage of drug in specific patients

Question 13

____________(PK) is the study of how a drug moves through the body over time. It encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Answer 13

Pharmacokinetics

Question 14

Pharmacokinetics
Ensures drugs are ______and effective.

Helps tailor drug dosing to individual patients.

Guides drug development and optimization.

Answer 14

safe

Question 15

_____________: Amount of drug in the bloodstream.

Answer 15

concentration

Question 16

__________: Duration since drug administration.

Answer 16

Time

Question 17

_____________: Total drug exposure over time.

Answer 17

AUC(Area under the curve)

Question 18

_______: Maximum drug concentration.

Answer 18

Cmax

Question 19

_______: Time taken for the drug’s concentration to halve (half-life).

Answer 19

t 1/2

Question 20

Pharmacokinetics

Dose optimization.
Adverse effect prediction.
Drug-drug interaction assessments.
Personalized medicine strategies.