lecture 1- overview of digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Most common viral or food-borne bacteria

A

Gastroenteritis (Gastro)

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2
Q

Gastroenteritis symptoms

A

Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting and fever

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3
Q

Digestive systems primary function

A

Transfer nutrients, water & electrolytes from food into bodes internal environment

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4
Q

Digestive system=

A

Digestive tract + accessory digestive organs

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5
Q

Basic digestive function- 1. Motility

A

Muscular contractions that propel and mix the food (smooth muscle contractions)

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6
Q

Basic digestive function- 2. Secretion

A

Exocrine glands secrete digestive juices. Endocrine glands secrete hormones

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7
Q

Basic digestive function- 3. Digestion

A

Food is both mechanically and biochemically broken down into small units

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8
Q

Basic digestive function- 4. Absorption

A

The small units (with water and electrolytes) are transferred into the blood and lymph

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9
Q

Mouth

A

Mastication (breaking food into smaller pieces and a little carb digestion) (saliva, mucus, amylase, lysozyme)

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10
Q

Pharynx and Oesophagus

A

Swallowing and transporting food from the mouth to stomach (mucus)

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11
Q

Stomach

A

Mixing, churning and digestion (no absorption of foodstuffs) making of chyme, gastric juices, HCI, pepsin

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12
Q

Small Intestine

A

Digestion and most absorption (with help from secretions from liver and pancreas)

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13
Q

Large Intestine

A

Completes absorption of water and electrolytes (faeces remain)

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14
Q

Accessory Organs- Salivary glands

A

Secretions help in lubrication, antibacterial and begin digestion

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15
Q

Accessory Organs- Pancreas

A

Vital for digestion, enzymes for all food categories and alkaline sol.

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16
Q

Accessory Organs- Liver

A

Secretes bile continuously, biliary system, bile salts storage and concentration

17
Q

Accessory Organs- Gallbladder

A

Secretes bile continuously, biliary system, bile storage and concentration

18
Q

Mucosa

A

highly folded, lining the luminal surface of the digestive tract (3 layers)

19
Q

Mucous membrane

A

protective surface barrier, epithelial tissue with exocrine, endocrine and ‘absorptive’ cells

20
Q

Lamina propria

A

thin middle layer of connective tissue containing the gut-associated lymphoid tissue

21
Q

Muscularis mucosa

A

sparse layer of smooth muscle which upon contraction can expose different areas of surface folding

22
Q

Submucosa

A

connective tissue containing larger blood and lymph vessels and a nerve network- the submucosal plexus

23
Q

Muscularis externa

A

major smooth muscle coat, contains the myenteric plexus

24
Q

Serosa

A

outer connective tissue secretes a serous fluid and is continuous with the mesentery

25
Propulsive movements (peristalsis)
forward movement
26
Mixing movements (segmentation)
mix in with digestive juices, expose to absorptive surfaces
27
Digestion- Hydrolysis
is used in the digestion of proteins, fats and carbs
28
Regulation 4 factors
1 Autonomous smooth muscle function, 2 Intrinsic nerve plexuses, 3 extrinsic nerves, 4 gastrointestinal hormones
29
Extrinsic nerves
sympathetic and parasympathetic systems act on intrinsic nerves, hormone secretion
30
Gastrointestinal hormones
Enteroendocrine cells in the mucosa of the GIT release hormones into the blood where they exert excitatory or inhibitory effects on smooth muscle and exocrine cells
31
Swallowing 3 stages
Oral (voluntary phase), Pharyngeal (involuntary phase), Oesophageal stage (involuntary phase)
32
Pharyngo-oesophageal (upper sphincter)
prevents excess air from entering GIT
33
Gastro-oesophageal (lower sphincter)
keeps out stomach contents, otherwise 'heart burn'
34
Primary peristalsis
preceded by pharyngeal phase, controlled by swelling centre
35
Secondary peristalsis
can occur without pharyngeal phase if oesophagus distended e.g. if food is stuck, pressure receptors trigger intrinsic nerve plexus leading to stronger force
36
Swalling disorder
Dysphagia (disordered eating- leads to aspiration, pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, airway obstruction)
37
Gastrointestinal tract major functions
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defaecation