Lecture 1 - Introduction to Clinical Psychology Flashcards
What is the pre-history of clinical psychology?
Link between natural world and spirits - what was seemed as deviant against what was expected. Different behaviour was explained as possession or possibly punishment
What treatment was there in pre-history?
Exorcism and ostracism
What happened during the greek and roman period?
- Emotional distress is not a punishment but has a natural, biological cause
- Brain is a seat of consciousness
- About natural process of recovery. Prognosis considers what the person is going through.
- Some considerations of psychological aspects of emotional distress and treatment
What treatment was there in the dark ages and medieval era?
Prayers, touching relics, laying of hands
What did clinical psychology look like in the dark ages and medieval era?
Different behaviour interpreted in possession
What did the medieval period look like for clinical psychology?
Witchcraft
- psychosis was linked to dark magic
What did clinical psychology look like in the renaissance and elizabethan period?
Macbeth had hallucinations which was triggered by the guild over killing of Banquo
Shakespeares plays
Lady Macbeth had obsessive rituals truggered by guilt
What did clinical psychology look like during the industrial revolution?
Asylum became theatre for the rich
What treatment were proposed during the industrial revolution?
mental health issues were linked to lack of blood
What did clinical psychology look like during the humanitarianism and social revolution?
“madmen put wrong ideas together, and so make wrong propositions but argue reason right from them”
Quaker movement in the uk - started retreats for the vulnerable for rest and mild work
What did clinical psychology look like in the victorian era?
Social exclusion rather than humane interventions continued
Eugenic movement - white superiority - different populations were categorised on how to be perceived
People with disabilities were seen as not fit
What does clinical psychology look like in the 20th century?
Eugenics became the pseudoscience behind the rise of fashism in wester countries
Nazi propoganda
Posters contained images of jewish people carrying diseases and would refer to some characteristics they would have
What are integrative therapies?
- Combines elements from multiple therapeutic models (e.g., CBT + Mindfulness).
- CBT-E for eating disorders
- Focuses on personalised, client-centred treatment plans.
What are technology-driven interventions?
- Telehealth: Expanding access through online therapy.
- Digital Tools: Mental health apps, VR for PTSD, AI-assisted interventions.
- AI: Emerging use in diagnostics and patient monitoring.
What is trauma-informed care?
- Recognises the role of trauma in mental health - how can we consider the impact of that trauma on their experiences
- Somatic Experiencing: Focus on how trauma impacts the body
What are third wave therapies?
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Acceptance + value-based living.
- Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Emotion regulation, mindfulness, and distress tolerance.
What is neuroscience and biological integration?
- Brain Imaging: Using neurobiology to inform treatments.
- Collaboration with psychiatrists on pharmacotherapy.
How does clinical psychology have a role in collaborative and interdisciplinary work?
- Team-based care: Working with psychiatrists, social workers, etc.
- Integrated in primary care settings: Addressing mental health within general healthcare
How does clinical psychology have a role in specialisation in emerging fields?
- Neurodiversity & Autism: Assessment and intervention for neurodevelopmental conditions.
- Health Psychology: Addressing psychological impact of chronic illness (e.g., cancer, diabetes).
How does clinical psychology play a role in the focus on preventative mental health?
- Public mental health initiatives in schools, workplaces, communities
- Early intervention to prevent long-term issues.
- Social determinants of mental health.
How does clinical psychology play a role in cultural competence and social justice?
- Culturally adapted therapies for diverse populations
- Advocating for social change and mental health access.
How does clinical psychology play a role in self-care and professional development?
- Self-care and reflective practice to avoid burnout.
- Continuous learning and professional growth.
