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Cardiovascular System > Lecture 1 - Introduction to and Histology of the CVS > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction to and Histology of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what affects diffusion?

A

area - determined by capillary density
diffusion resistance - determined by nature of the barrier and molecules diffusing
concentration gradient - depends a lot on blood flow through capillary

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2
Q

what is the blood flow to the brain?

A

min - 0.75 l/minmax - 0.75 l/min

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3
Q

what is the blood flow to the heart?

A

min - 0.3 l/minmax - 1.2 l/min

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4
Q

what is the blood flow to the kidneys?

A

min - 1.2 l/minmax - 1.2 l/min

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5
Q

what is the blood flow to the gut?

A

min - 1.4 l/minmax - 2.4 l/min

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6
Q

what is the blood flow to muscle?

A

min - 1 l/minmax - 16 l/min

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7
Q

what is the blood flow to the skin?

A

min - 0.2 l/minmax - 2.5 l/min

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8
Q

what is the total blood flow in the body?

A

min - 5 l/minmax - 24.5 l/min

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9
Q

how is blood flow controlled?

A

resistance vessels - arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

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10
Q

what is capacitance?

A

ability to cope with changes in cardiac output - store of blood in veins

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11
Q

what are the two typed of artery?

A

elastic

muscular

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12
Q

what is the role of elastic arteries?

A

expand slightly with each heartbeat

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13
Q

what is the role of muscular arteries?

A

branch into arterioles to regulate amount of blood reaching an area
diameter controlled by ans

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14
Q

what are the two types of capillary wall?

A

continuous

fenestrated

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15
Q

what is a sinusoid?

A

type of capillary with a wider diameter
special lining cells
incomplete basal lamina

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16
Q

how does the structure of a vein differ to an artery?

A

wall is thinner
lumen is wider and irregular
valves in large veins

17
Q

what are the three layers of vein and artery walls?

A

in to out
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

18
Q

describe the intima layer of elastic arteries

A

endothelial cells with long axis parallel to long axis of artery; narrow subendothelium of connective tissue

19
Q

describe the media layer of elastic arteries

A

40-70 fenestrated elastic membranes with smooth muscle cells and collagen between the lamellae

20
Q

describe the adventitia layer of elastic arteries

A

layer of fibroelastic connective tissue containing vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels and nerve fibres

21
Q

describe the intima layer of muscular arteries

A

endothelium, sunendothelial layer, thick internal elastic lamina

22
Q

describe the media layer of muscular arteries

A

40 layers of smooth muscle cells, prominent external elastic lamina

23
Q

describe the adventitia layer of muscular arteries

A

thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue containing some vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels and nerve fibres

24
Q

what is the role of sympathetic nerve endings in the tunica adventitia?

A

vasoconstriction

25
Q

where is the thin internal elastic lamina present?

A

larger arterioles

26
Q

what is the difference between metarterioles and arterioles?

A

smooth muscle layer is not continuous

27
Q

what is the role of a precapillary sphincter?

A

allows arterioles and metarterioles to serve as flow regulators

28
Q

what is the difference between continuous and fenestrated capillaries?

A

continuous - pericytes form a branching network on the outer surface of the endothelium
fenestrated - pericytes are present but there are pores in the endothelium

29
Q

What is the role of the cardiovascular system?

A

To supply cells of the body with their metabolic needs

30
Q

Where does exchange with tissues occur?

A

Capillaries

31
Q

How is the area available for exchange determined?

A

Capillary density

32
Q

How is diffusion resistance determined?

A

The nature of the barrier

The molecules that are diffusing

33
Q

What is the most important variable in concentration gradient?

A

Flow of blood through the capillary

34
Q

What is the distribution of blood volume (5l)?

A

11% in arteries and arterioles
5% in capillaries
17% in heart and lungs
67% in veins

35
Q

What happens if blood pressure is not maintained?

A

Veins collapse

36
Q

Which 3 places do blood vessels not reach?

A

Cartilage
Epithelia
Cornea

Cardiovascular System (15 decks)

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