Lecture 0 - Surface Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
what are the two parts of the pericardium?
fibrous part
serous part
what is the role of the fibrous part of the pericardium?
inferiorly blends with diaphragm
holds heart in place
what is the role of the serous part of the pericardium?
parietal layer is outer
serous layer is inner - attaches to heart and great vessels
one continuous layer reflected back on itself contained fluid for frictionless environment
what are the phrenic nerves?
c3, c4, c5
what is the role of the phrenic nerves?
motor and sensory to diaphragm
sensory to pericardium
where are the phrenic nerves?
descend anterior to lungs
right phrenic nerve descends over right atrium
left phrenic nerve descends over left atrium
what is the anatomical position of the heart?
deep to the sternum
inferior to great vessels
superior to diaphragm
where does the anterior pericardial surface attach?
posterior surface of sternum via sternopericardial ligaments
where does the inferior pericardial surface attach?
fused with diaphragm
where do the coronary arteries originate?
first branch of aorta
where does the left coronary artery arise from?
left aortic sinus
where does the right coronary artery arise from?
right aortic sinus
where do the aortic sinuses arise from?
root of aorta
superior to aortic valve
pass around opposite sides of pulmonary trunk
what does the right coronary artery supply?
right atrium
sa nod
eav node
posterior part of ivs
where does the rca travel on the anterior surface?
in the right av groove
passes posteriorly between ra and ventricle
gives off sa nodal branch supplying the sa node
gives off right marginal branch supplying right border of heart towards apex of heart
continues in av node to posterior aspect of heart
where does the rca travel on the posterior surface?
gives off av nodal branch at junction between four heart chambers
gives off posterior iv branch supplying adjacent areas of both ventricles and sending perforating iv septal branches
continues for a short distance in posterior av groove
what does the left coronary artery supply?
most of la and lv
ivs bundle
av bundle
av node
where does the lca travel on the anterior surface?
runs in left av groove and splits into two branches
anterior interventricular artery runs in ai groove to apex where it anastomoses with posterior iv artery
ai artery supplies adjacent parts of both ventricles and iv septum via iv septal branches
ai branch gives off diagonal artery which runs down anterior surface
second branch from lca is circumflex which follows av groove to posterior surface
where does the lca travel on the psoterior surface?
left marginal branch of circumflex runs down left margin of heart and supplies lv
circumflex terminates in av groove or continues to posterior iv groove
circumflex may give rise to sa branch
how is the heart drained?
veins that empty into coronary sinus
what is the coronary sinus?
main vein of heart
runs left to right in posterior part of av groove
what is the great cardiac vein?
main contribution to coronary sinus
anterior iv vein begins near apex of heart and ascends with anterior iv branch of lca, then runs with circumflex to reach coronary sinus
what is the middle cardiac vein?
accompanies posterior iv branch of rca
what is the small cardiac vein?
accompanies right marginal branch of rca
what are the anterior cardiac veins?
several small veins that begin over the anterior surface of the rv, cross over the av groove and end in the right atrium (not via the coronary sinus)
