Lecture 0 - Surface Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

what are the two parts of the pericardium?

Answer 1

fibrous part

serous part

Question 2

what is the role of the fibrous part of the pericardium?

Answer 2

inferiorly blends with diaphragm

holds heart in place

Question 3

what is the role of the serous part of the pericardium?

Answer 3

parietal layer is outer
serous layer is inner - attaches to heart and great vessels
one continuous layer reflected back on itself contained fluid for frictionless environment

Question 4

what are the phrenic nerves?

Answer 4

c3, c4, c5

Question 5

what is the role of the phrenic nerves?

Answer 5

motor and sensory to diaphragm

sensory to pericardium

Question 6

where are the phrenic nerves?

Answer 6

descend anterior to lungs
right phrenic nerve descends over right atrium
left phrenic nerve descends over left atrium

Question 7

what is the anatomical position of the heart?

Answer 7

deep to the sternum
inferior to great vessels
superior to diaphragm

Question 8

where does the anterior pericardial surface attach?

Answer 8

posterior surface of sternum via sternopericardial ligaments

Question 9

where does the inferior pericardial surface attach?

Answer 9

fused with diaphragm

Question 10

where do the coronary arteries originate?

Answer 10

first branch of aorta

Question 11

where does the left coronary artery arise from?

Answer 11

left aortic sinus

Question 12

where does the right coronary artery arise from?

Answer 12

right aortic sinus

Question 13

where do the aortic sinuses arise from?

Answer 13

root of aorta
superior to aortic valve
pass around opposite sides of pulmonary trunk

Question 14

what does the right coronary artery supply?

Answer 14

right atrium
sa nod
eav node
posterior part of ivs

Question 15

where does the rca travel on the anterior surface?

Answer 15

in the right av groove
passes posteriorly between ra and ventricle
gives off sa nodal branch supplying the sa node
gives off right marginal branch supplying right border of heart towards apex of heart
continues in av node to posterior aspect of heart

Question 16

where does the rca travel on the posterior surface?

Answer 16

gives off av nodal branch at junction between four heart chambers
gives off posterior iv branch supplying adjacent areas of both ventricles and sending perforating iv septal branches
continues for a short distance in posterior av groove

Question 17

what does the left coronary artery supply?

Answer 17

most of la and lv
ivs bundle
av bundle
av node

Question 18

where does the lca travel on the anterior surface?

Answer 18

runs in left av groove and splits into two branches
anterior interventricular artery runs in ai groove to apex where it anastomoses with posterior iv artery
ai artery supplies adjacent parts of both ventricles and iv septum via iv septal branches
ai branch gives off diagonal artery which runs down anterior surface
second branch from lca is circumflex which follows av groove to posterior surface

Question 19

where does the lca travel on the psoterior surface?

Answer 19

left marginal branch of circumflex runs down left margin of heart and supplies lv
circumflex terminates in av groove or continues to posterior iv groove
circumflex may give rise to sa branch

Question 20

how is the heart drained?

Answer 20

veins that empty into coronary sinus

Question 21

what is the coronary sinus?

Answer 21

main vein of heart

runs left to right in posterior part of av groove

Question 22

what is the great cardiac vein?

Answer 22

main contribution to coronary sinus
anterior iv vein begins near apex of heart and ascends with anterior iv branch of lca, then runs with circumflex to reach coronary sinus

Question 23

what is the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 23

accompanies posterior iv branch of rca

Question 24

what is the small cardiac vein?

Answer 24

accompanies right marginal branch of rca

Question 25

what are the anterior cardiac veins?

Answer 25

several small veins that begin over the anterior surface of the rv, cross over the av groove and end in the right atrium (not via the coronary sinus)