Embryology 1 - Early Development of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the cardiogenic field lie?

A

At the cranial end of the embryo before folding occurs

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2
Q

How does CVS development begin?

A

A pair of endocardial tubes develops in the third week

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3
Q

What is the role of lateral folding?

A

Creates the heart tube

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4
Q

What is the role of cephalocaudal folding?

A

Brings the tube into the thoracic region

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5
Q

From cranial to caudal, what is the order of the segments of the primitive heart tube? (ALL THE BEST VAGINAS ARE SHAVED)

A
Aortic roots
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinus venosus
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6
Q

What causes bending of the heart tube?

A

Continued elongation

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7
Q

When does bending occur?

A

Day 23-28

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8
Q

How does the cephalic cranial portion bend?

A

Ventrally, caudally, right (forwards, downwards, right)

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9
Q

How does the caudal portion bend?

A

Dorsally, cranially, left (backwards, upwards, left)

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10
Q

What is the result of bending?

A

Places both outflow and inflow cranially, with inflow behind outflow

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11
Q

How does the atrium communicate with the ventricle?

A

Atrioventricular canal

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12
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Space behind the outflow and in front of the inflow.

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13
Q

What is the sinus venosus?

A

Where the blood from the placenta, yolk sac and body drains into

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14
Q

How do the sinus horns develop?

A

Start equal sizes.
Venous return shifts to the right hand side so the left sinus horn recedes.
Enlarging right atrium absorbs the right sinus horn.

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15
Q

How does the right atrium develop?

A

From most of the primitive atrium and absorbs the right horn of the sinus venosus.
Receives venous drainage from body (vena cava) and heart (coronary sinus).

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16
Q

How does the left atrium develop?

A

From small portion of the primitive atrium and absorbs proximal parts of pulmonary veins.
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.

17
Q

How is the oblique pericardial sinus formed?

A

As left atrium expands and absorbs the pulmonary veins

18
Q

How does the arterial system develop?

A

Begins as a bilaterally symmetrical system of arched vessels (5 arches labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 6).
Undergo remodelling to create the major arteries leaving the heart.

19
Q

What is the derivative of the 4th aortic arch?

A

Right - proximal part of right subclavian artery.

Left - arch of aorta

20
Q

What is the derivative of the 6th aortic arch?

A

Right - right pulmonary artery

Left - left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus