Lecture 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Who (and when) coined the term “AI”?

Answer 1

John McCarthy, Stanford (1956), coined the term AI, Turing Awardee

Question 2

Definition of Machine Learning according to Tom Mitchell?

Answer 2

the science “concerned with the question of how to construct
computer programs that automatically improve with experience” - Tom Mitchell (1997) CMU

Question 3

Three of the awardees 2019 for Deep Learning

Answer 3

Hinton, LeCun and Bengio

Question 4

Definition of Deep Learning

Answer 4

A form of machine learning that makes use of artificial neural networks

Question 5

What is Cognitive Neuroscience?

Answer 5

Science on how does the brain work at the neuronal level?

Question 6

Fill in the blanks for AI visualisation:

Answer 6

Question 7

Which disciplines (models and techniques) do cognitive science bring together to construct precise and testable theories of the mind?

Answer 7

• computational models from AI
• experimental techniques from psychology

Question 8

Is cognitive science apart of the study of AI?

Answer 8

Cognitive Science is now distinct from AI

Question 9

What does it require to build:

“System that think like humans”?

Answer 9

A cognitive model (theories of internal brain activities on how human thinks)

Question 10

Between what two modes in a cognitive model is distinguished?

Answer 10

knowledge or circuitry

Question 11

What does it require to build

“systems that think rationally”?

Answer 11

Capturing the laws of thought (logic - Aristotle).

Question 12

What does The logicist tradition in AI hope to do?

Answer 12

to create intelligent systems using logic programming.

Question 13

Aristotles first patterns of correct formal reasoning is?

Answer 13

“Socrates is a man, all man are mortal → Socrates is mortal”

Question 14

What are the two main problems related to building “Systems that think rationally”?

Answer 14

• It is hard to formalize knowledge exactly → Feigenbaum Bottleneck in expert systems
• Not all intelligence is mediated by logic behavior

Question 15

Describe the imitation game

Answer 15

A human judge is connected (via a computer/messenger) to a man and a woman

the judge can ask any question about any subject

the woman replies honestly

the man tries to pretend he
is a woman

The judge has to find out:

Who is the woman?

Question 16

Explain the Turing Test

Answer 16

A human judge is connected (via a computer/messenger) to a computer and a woman

the judge can ask any question about any subject

the woman replies honestly

the computer tries to pretend it is a woman

The judge has to find out:

Who is the woman?

If the computer can successfully fool the judge, it has passed the test

it can be considered intelligent

Question 17

Mention a problem with the Turing Test?

Answer 17

not reproducible, constructive or amenable to mathematical
analysis.

Question 18

What is an algorithm?

Answer 18

a step-by-step procedure to find a solution to a class of problems.

Question 19

What is a common example of an algorithm know from the world of cooking?

Answer 19

A recipe.

Question 20

List 3 current trends in AI?

Answer 20

• Exploit the strength of the computer
• Focus on particular tasks
• Scientific verification of hypothesis

Question 21

Artificial Intelligence is about building machines that exhibit rational behavior. Do they use the same methods as humans?

If not what methods do they use?

Answer 21

No AI systems do not try to model human thought.

They use:

• fast repetitious computing,
• elementary statistics (counting and probabilities),
• often brute force.

Question 22

What are the most important subfields of AI

Answer 22

• Machine learning
• Deep learning