Lecture 1: Introduction

Question 1

What is the difference between theories and models

Answer 1

Theories are bodies of knowledge that aim to explain phenomena; stable recurrent and general features of the world —> deeply practical, theories in psych are verbal, not mathematical
Models are instantiations of theories, narrower in scope and often more concrete

Question 2

What is the order from most to least prevalent in categories of disorders

Answer 2

• anxiety
• mood
• substance use
• adhd

Question 3

What is the order from most to least prevalent in specific disorders

Answer 3

• MDD
• social phobia
• alcohol use disorder
• specific phobia

Question 4

How much percentage of people in the Netherlands suffer from a mood/anxiety disorder at some point in their life

Answer 4

48%

Question 5

How many respondents met the criteria for any disorder in the 12 months before the interview

Answer 5

1/4

Question 6

What are 7 risk factors for 12-month DSM-5 disorder

Answer 6

• younger age
• gender (females have greater risk)
• living alone
• unemployment
• low education
• lower income
• higher degree of urbanization

Question 7

T/F: there’s been no significant increase in prevalence rates of 12-month DSM disorders since 2007

Answer 7

False, there has been

Question 8

What was the change in life time prevalence of mood/anxiety disorder from 2007-2020

Answer 8

2007; 20% of people in the netherlands suffer from one at some point in their life
2020; 48%

Question 9

What was the change in 12 month prevalence of meeting the criteria for any disorder from 2007-2020

Answer 9

2007; 17%
2020; 24%

Question 10

What are 8 proposed reasons for increase of mental health problems

Answer 10

• individualization
• social media
• increased pressure to succeed
• housing
• more recognition/acceptance of mental disorders —> less stigma
• economic crisis
• COVID-19
• increased income inequality

Question 11

What is the difference between a medical model and a network model

Answer 11

Medical model; symptoms are all caused by an underlying condition
Network model; symptoms can cause each other —> in mental disorders symptoms are not independent of each other

Question 12

What is the order of prevalence of psychotic experiences, psychotic disorders, schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms

Answer 12

• psychotic experiences
• psychotic symptoms
• psychotic disorders
• schizophrenia diagnosis