lecture 1 intro to spinal cord Flashcards
What is SCI
damage to the spinal cord resulting in symptoms below the level of injury
DCML _______ location, ________ touch
–sensory or motor:
–cross:
–function:
–ascending or descending:
precise, discriminative
sensory
medulla
two-point discrimination, proprioception, vibration
ascending
Spinal Thalamic Tract
–sensory or motor
–cross:
–function:
–ascending or descending:
sensory
spinal cord
non-discriminative/crude touch, pain, temperature, itch, tickle, sexual sensations
ascending
Corticospinal Tract -
sensory or motor
cross:
function:
ascending or descending:
motor
pyramids
voluntary distal movements
descending
Most common between ages _____ and ____+
15-29 and 65+
Leading cause of traumatic mechanism of injury for SC:
MVA (38%)
Incomplete injuries generally have a ___________ life expectancy than complete injuries.
____________ (Tetraplegia/Paraplegia) tends to have a shorter life expectancy compared to ____________ (Tetraplegia/Paraplegia).
longer; tetraplegia; paraplegia
Cost of Care for SCI is inexpensive. T or F?
False; expensive
Spinal shock happens when?
A period of areflexia lasts ____ hrs.
Reflexes return gradually over ______ days. Can have hyperreflexia for ______ weeks after
immediately after SCI
24hrs.
1-3 days
1-4 weeks
SCI are named by (3)
spinal level of injury
anatomical location of injury in cord
completeness of injury
Lower cervical tetraplegia life expectancy is longer than higher cervical tetraplegia due to
phrenic nerve, diaphragm
The ______ was created by the International Standard for Neurological Classification of SCI injury to determine _______ _______.
ASIA; SCI level
The ASIA looks at motor and sensory levels bilaterally as well as sacral tone and sensation to determine: (5)
motor level of injury
sensory level of injury
neurologic level of injury (NLI)
complete or incomplete
zone of partial perservation (ZPP)
Above T12 indicate ______ injury and below T12 indicates ______ injury
UMN; LMN
No motor or sensory function was preserved in the sacral segments S4 to S5
A = complete
Sensory but no motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4 to S5
B = incomplete
Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and more than half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of less than 3
C = incomplete
Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and at least half of the key muscles below the neurological level have a grade of 3 or more
D = incomplete
Motor and sensory functions are normal
E = normal
motor level of injury,” doctors look for the lowest muscle group where the strength is at least ______, as long as the muscle group just above it has a strength of ______.
3; 5
sensory level of injury, clinicians note the pts. most _____ level with a normal light touch and pinprick sensation on both L and R to determine the level
caudal
dermatomes and myotomes caudal to the sensory or motor level that remain partially innervated are known as
zone of partial preservation (ZPP)
Both voluntary anal contraction (VAC) and deep anal pressure (DAP) need to be absent for a ________ spinal cord injury
complete
Anterior Cord Syndrome -
B loss of CST and STT
hyperflexion injury
