Lecture 1 (Intro to Embryo)

Question 1

Embryonic period

Answer 1

fertilization –> 8 weeks - initial development of all major structures and est. all organ systems

Question 2

Fetal period

Answer 2

9th week –> term - differentiation/specialization and growth of organs and tissues

Question 3

teratology

Answer 3

study of abnormal development

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

formation of diploid daughter cells - somatic cells

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

formation of haploid gamete cells

Question 6

gametogenesis

Answer 6

process of the formation and development of male and femae primordial germ cells into their specialize generative cells - reduces the chromosomal number by 1/2

Question 7

spermatogenesis

Answer 7

spermatogonia to sperm - begins @ puberty

Question 8

oogenesis

Answer 8

oogonia to oocyte - begins before birth, halts, continues at puberty

Question 9

prior to fertilization

Answer 9

FSH & LH released from anterior pituitary gland

Question 10

capacitation

Answer 10

maturation of sperm about 7 hrs after ejaculation - surface proteins removed from acrosome - allows interation with corona radiata & ZP

Question 11

hyperactivation

Answer 11

making the sperm more active

Question 12

acrosome reaction

Answer 12

occurs on contact with ZP - results in release of enzymes - allows penetration and facilitates fertilization

Question 13

3 phases of Fertilization

Answer 13

1. coronal cells
2. acrosomal reaction
3. Plasma membrane fuses - Meiosis II resumes

Question 14

blastomeres

Answer 14

30 hrs after fertilization where zygote undergoes cleavage to make these cells

Question 15

morula

Answer 15

12-32 cell stage - organized into an inner cell mass and outer cell mass

Question 16

blastocyst

Answer 16

morula develops into this fluid filled cavity - cavity splits into Embryoblast & Trophoblast

Question 17

embryoblast

Answer 17

inner cell mass that gives rise to embryo

Question 18

trophoblast

Answer 18

outer cell mass - becomes extraembryonic structures - is the nutrition

Question 19

trophoblast differentiates into:

Answer 19

cytotrophoblast: region that lines the developing embryo
syncytiotrophoblast: fuses into the endometrium

Question 20

hypoblast

Answer 20

small cuboidal cells formed from the embryoblast - primary endoderm