histology (Lecture 1)

Question 1

cytology

Answer 1

study of cells and their structures

Question 2

histology

Answer 2

study of tissues that make up organs

Question 3

organology

Answer 3

study of organs that make up the systems

Question 4

four major tissues

Answer 4

epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective

Question 5

light micro

Answer 5

specimens examined via translumination

Question 6

electron micro

Answer 6

uses electromagnetic fields - TEM & SEM

Question 7

resolution

Answer 7

how far two objects must be separated from one another so that they can be distinguished as two distinct objects

Question 8

resolution is dependent on:

Answer 8

optical system, wavelength of light source, specimen thickness, quality of fixation, staining intensity

Question 9

preparing slides:

Answer 9

1. acquire cells/tissues 2. fixate 3. process (dehydrate, clear, infiltrate) 4. embed 5. section 6. stain

Question 10

problems with prepping slides

Answer 10

time, solvent dissolves lipids, shrinkage of tissues

Question 11

acidic dyes

Answer 11

carry net neg. charge - bind with cationic cells - eosin - stain acidophilic (to tissues that have high affinity for acid dyes) - mito, secretory fibers, cytoplasm

Question 12

basic dyes

Answer 12

carry pos. charge - bind to anionic cells - hematoxylin - stain basophilic tissue (those with high affinity for basic dyes) DNA (phosphate group)

Question 13

hematoxylin

Answer 13

basic dye that has affinity for nucleus

Question 14

eosin

Answer 14

acidic dye with affinity for cytoplasm

Question 15

microtubules

Answer 15

found in matrix, centrioles, cilia, flagella - formation and maintenance of cell shape - composed of alpha & beta tubulin molecules

Question 16

microfilaments (actin)

Answer 16

allow for contractile activity within cells - endo/exocytosis - composed of globular subunits organized into a double stranded helix

Question 17

intermediate filaments

Answer 17

provide mechanical strength - protein subunits different in different type of cell types

Question 18

inclusions

Answer 18

not organelles - cytoplasmic structures or deposits composed mainly of accumulated metabolites or other substances

Question 19

Nucleus components

Answer 19

nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus