Epithelial Tissues

Question 1

two main categories

Answer 1

covering epithelium & glandular

Question 2

functions of epithelium

Answer 2

secretion, absorption, filtration, transport, protection, excretion

Question 3

characteristics of epithelium

Answer 3

cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, avascular, regeneration

Question 4

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 4

single layer - used for diffusion and filtration - kidneys, blood vessels

Question 5

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 5

single layer of cubelike cells with large nuclei - secretion & absorption - kidney - ovary

Question 6

simple columnar

Answer 6

absorption & secretion of mucus - digestive tract (non-ciliated) and ciliated (bronchi & uterus)

Question 7

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 7

many layers - protection -epidermis (keratinized) & esophagus (nonkeratinized)

Question 8

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 8

single layer - secretion - male’s sperm (nonciliated) & trachea (ciliated)

Question 9

transitional epithelium

Answer 9

stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ - lines the ureters

Question 10

epithelial cell polarity layers:

Answer 10

apical - lateral - basal

Question 11

Apical domain specialized features

Answer 11

microvilli - sterocilia - cilia

Question 12

microvilli

Answer 12

cytoplasmic extensions - increase surface area - non motile

Question 13

stereocilia

Answer 13

long microvilli - non motile - increase surface area

Question 14

cilia

Answer 14

produce movement - contains axoneme -

Question 15

junctional complex components

Answer 15

zonula occludens - zonula adherens - macula adherens

Question 16

Zonula Occludens

Answer 16

tight junction - anchoring junction - diffusion barrier - provides limited resistance to mechanical stress - closest to apical surface

Question 17

zonula adherens

Answer 17

anchoring junction - provides mechanical stability by linking cytoskeleton with MICROFILAMENTS and use of cadherins

Question 18

macula adherens

Answer 18

desmosome - anchoring jxn. - provides mechanical stability by use of INTERMEDIATE filaments and cadherins

Question 19

gap junctions

Answer 19

communicating junctions - connexon of one cell lines up with the connexon of the next cell - allows exchange of ions

Question 20

basal domain junctions

Answer 20

focal adhesion - hemidesmosome

Question 21

focal adhesion

Answer 21

anchoring junction - uses microfilaments to anchor cytskeleton to basal lamina - role in signal detection

Question 22

hemidesmosome

Answer 22

anchoring junction - uses intermediate filaments to link cell to basal lamina - intermediate filaments are attached to integrins

Question 23

endocrine glands

Answer 23

ductless glands - secrete into interstitial fluid

Question 24

exocrine glands

Answer 24

secrete their products onto surface directly or through epithelial duct (indirect)

Question 25

3 different endocrine hormones

Answer 25

circulatory, paracrine, autocrine

Question 26

circulatory hormones

Answer 26

released into interstitial fluid and picked up by circulatory system

Question 27

paracrine hormones

Answer 27

hormones do not get into bloodstream - binds to neighboring cell

Question 28

autocrine hormones

Answer 28

own cell releases hormone and acts on itself

Question 29

exdocrine glands can be classified by:

Answer 29

cellularity-structure-type of secretion- mode of secretion

Question 30

exocrine gland type of secretions:

Answer 30

mucous, serous, mixed glands

Question 31

serous cells

Answer 31

rounded nuclei - protein secreting cells -

Question 32

mucous cells

Answer 32

produce hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins - cuboidal

Question 33

exocrine mode of secretion

Answer 33

merocrine glands - holocrine glands - apocrine glands

Question 34

merocrine glands

Answer 34

exocytosis -

Question 35

holocrine

Answer 35

cell explodes to release contents

Question 36

apocrine

Answer 36

pinched off portion of cell is secretion