Lecture 1 - Intro/Strokes

Question 1

match time-course to etiology:
seconds to minutes = 
hours to days/weeks = 
weeks to months/years = 
months to years =

Answer 1

vascular;
infection;
neoplasm;
degenerative/demyelinating

Question 2

absence of facial expression is seen in what condition, clasically?
what about vascular nevi in the distribution of a branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 2

parkinson’s;

sturge-weber

Question 3

what is considered a normal score on the mini-mental exam?

Answer 3

greater than 24/30

Question 4

name the 4 most vulnerable ares of the CNS to hypoxia

Answer 4

hippocampus (pyramidal neurons);
neocortex (pyramidal neurons in layers 3, 5, 6);
cerebellum (purkinje);
watershed areas

Question 5

ischemic stroke:
first histological sign?
after 4 weeks, there is a ____ space with _____

Answer 5

red neurons (eiosinophillic);
cystic, reactive gliosis

Question 6

name 2 causes of embolic stroke:

what kind of infarct is seen with this?

Answer 6

Afib; DVT with patent foramen ovale or ASD;

hemorrhagic

Question 7

a thrombotic stroke occurs due to _____:

causes a ____ infarct

Answer 7

ruptured atherosclerotic plaque;

pale

Question 8

what kind of necrosis do ischemic strokes cause?

Answer 8

liquefactive

Question 9

treatment of ischemic stroke

Answer 9

tPa

maybe anti-coagulants

Question 10

what do you call focal ischemia with symptoms that last less than 24 hours?

Answer 10

transient ischemic attack

Question 11

2 types of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease:

Answer 11

intracerebral/parenchymal; subarachnoid

Question 12

intracerebral hemorrhage:
caused by _____ secondary to diabetes or ______.
typically occurs in _____ and internal capsule

Answer 12

hyaline arteriolosclerosis,
HTN;
basal ganglia

Question 13

subarachnoid hemorrhage:
usually due to _____;
classic symptom?

Answer 13

rupture of aneursym;

“Worst headache of my life”

Question 14

subarachnoid hemorrhage:

____ or ____ spinal tap; ____ can occur 4-10 days after hemorrhage due to vasospams

Answer 14

bloody or yellow (From bilirubin);

ischemic stroke

Question 15

2 other causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage, besides aneurysm rupture:

Answer 15

AVM, trauma

Question 16

most common site of berry aneurysm?

why do aneurysms occur at bifurcations?

Answer 16

junction of ACom and ACA;

no media in blood vessel here

Question 17

charcot-bouchard microaneurysms classically occur in ____ arteries. cause ____ infarct

Answer 17

lenticulostriate;

lacunar