Lecture 1 Intro Flashcards
Other name for Croatina
Bonarda
Long Cane Pruning is associated with….
While Short pruned is associated with…
Guyot
Spur Pruned Cordon
Can croatina be spur pruned
NO!
5 top vine growing countries
- Spain
- China
- France
- Italy
- Turkey
What is the world grape growing productivity (tonnes/hectare)
10 tonnes/hectare (Grape production/Surface Area)
77.3 Million tonnes/ 7.5 Million Hectares
Production of wine 36.6 Million tonnes of grapes total, how much actual wine is produced? (How much for a single bottle and world wide total)
1.32 kg of grapes for one liter and 276 million HL
top 3 countries for consumption
top 3 countries for consumption (per capita)
- US 2. France 3. Italy
- Portugal 2. France 3. Italy
Variability Pyramid
Grape Variety/Rootstock
Vineyard Management
Climate Soil
What kind of techniques are used with the setting wire in the po river valley and why is this important
Raising the setting wire a little higher off of the ground allows for the plant to escape spring frosts which are more common on valley floors (think of the thermal belt scenario)
Importance of slopes in Barolo and Barbaresco
Hills show a high variation in aspect with higher vs lower thermal loads
Canopy training in Abruzzo and why is it important
Canopy is trained as horizontal pergola (tendone) this is important because it allows for higher photosynthesis and higher sunlight interception
What is an important consideration with very steep slopes
They make mechanization very difficult if not impossible
Grapevine variety Definition
A group of individuals with morphological and functional characteristics that are sufficiently homogeneous and different from those of other individuals (other groups of the same species)
Cultivar
A variety that shows an economic interest
Clone
A group of individuals that are genetically homogeneous due to asexual propagation of a single mother plant (cuttings).
Hybrid
Obtained by natural or artificial crossing between two different genotypes.
Hybrid vs. crossings
Crossings are of the same species and hybrids are of different species
5 grapevine variety classifications
- International
- National
- Regional
- Local
- Marginal
autoctoni
Means Indigenous (autochthonous)
Which country is most diverse in terms of grape varieties
Italy
then Portugal and then Romainia
Italian main varieties and how they make up production for the entire country
The five top varieties are
1. Sangiovese (8%)
2. Montepulciano (4%)
3. Glera (4%)
4. Pinot Grigio (4%)
5. Merlot (3%)
Only makes up for 23% of what is grown throughout the country 77% are other local varieties
Legal Aspects of understanding what grape variety to grow and where you can grow it.
Italy has a national grape variety catalog which shows where a varietal is suitable and recommended and where it is suitable for cultivation in very specific regions
What is the meaning of the following
1. PDO based on a single varietal
2. PDO Blend
3. PDO + Variety
4. PGI
- This could be like a Barbaresco (100% Nebbiolo)
- This could be like a Gutturnio or Chianti or Cerasuolo di Vittoria
- This could be a colli Piacentini Barbera (Has to be 85% Barbera)
- With is an IGT in that is has to be from a specific area like a IGT Toscana which could include varieties that are suitable for cultivation in Tuscany
Weather vs. Climate
Weather is related to one year, while climate refers to many years
4 most important aspects of grapevine variety and precocity
- Budburst
- Blooming
- Veraison
- Maturity
What are heat units for a given site
GDD (Growing Degree Days)
4 classifications for grape varieties in GDD based on thermal requirements for ripening
- 1,200 - 1,400 (Chard, Riesling, Gamay, Pinot Noir)
- 1,400 - 1,600 (Chard, Riesling, Sauv Blanc, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Gamay, Merlot)
- 1,600 - 1,800 (Sangiovese, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Sauv Blanc)
- 1,800 - 2,000 (Malvasia Bianca, Nebbiolo, Sangio, Lambrusco Sorbara, Barbera)
What is needed in order to assess whether a grape can be mechanically harvested
We need to understand the type of force needed to get the grape to separate from the rachis because this quality is varietal specific (Chard and Sangiovese require a low force, Merlot and Glera require a medium force, and trebbiano and moscato require a high force making mechanization more difficult)
Important Traits of Barbera (4)
- Mid-early Budburst
- Mid-late ripening
- Intermediate Vigor
- Intermediate bunch and berry size
Important Traits of Croatina (4)
- Mid-late Budburst
- mid-late Ripening
- Mid-high Vigor
- med-big bunch size, Intermediate berry size
Important Traits of Chardonnay (4)
- Early Budburst
- Early Ripening
- High Vigor
- med-small bunch, intermediate berry size
