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Vineyard Variability > Lecture 1 Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Other name for Croatina

A

Bonarda

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2
Q

Long Cane Pruning is associated with….
While Short pruned is associated with…

A

Guyot
Spur Pruned Cordon

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3
Q

Can croatina be spur pruned

A

NO!

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4
Q

5 top vine growing countries

A
  1. Spain
  2. China
  3. France
  4. Italy
  5. Turkey
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5
Q

What is the world grape growing productivity (tonnes/hectare)

A

10 tonnes/hectare (Grape production/Surface Area)
77.3 Million tonnes/ 7.5 Million Hectares

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6
Q

Production of wine 36.6 Million tonnes of grapes total, how much actual wine is produced? (How much for a single bottle and world wide total)

A

1.32 kg of grapes for one liter and 276 million HL

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7
Q

top 3 countries for consumption
top 3 countries for consumption (per capita)

A
  1. US 2. France 3. Italy
  2. Portugal 2. France 3. Italy
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8
Q

Variability Pyramid

A

Grape Variety/Rootstock

                            Vineyard Management

Climate Soil

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9
Q

What kind of techniques are used with the setting wire in the po river valley and why is this important

A

Raising the setting wire a little higher off of the ground allows for the plant to escape spring frosts which are more common on valley floors (think of the thermal belt scenario)

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10
Q

Importance of slopes in Barolo and Barbaresco

A

Hills show a high variation in aspect with higher vs lower thermal loads

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11
Q

Canopy training in Abruzzo and why is it important

A

Canopy is trained as horizontal pergola (tendone) this is important because it allows for higher photosynthesis and higher sunlight interception

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12
Q

What is an important consideration with very steep slopes

A

They make mechanization very difficult if not impossible

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13
Q

Grapevine variety Definition

A

A group of individuals with morphological and functional characteristics that are sufficiently homogeneous and different from those of other individuals (other groups of the same species)

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14
Q

Cultivar

A

A variety that shows an economic interest

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15
Q

Clone

A

A group of individuals that are genetically homogeneous due to asexual propagation of a single mother plant (cuttings).

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16
Q

Hybrid

A

Obtained by natural or artificial crossing between two different genotypes.

17
Q

Hybrid vs. crossings

A

Crossings are of the same species and hybrids are of different species

18
Q

5 grapevine variety classifications

A
  1. International
  2. National
  3. Regional
  4. Local
  5. Marginal
19
Q

autoctoni

A

Means Indigenous (autochthonous)

20
Q

Which country is most diverse in terms of grape varieties

A

Italy
then Portugal and then Romainia

21
Q

Italian main varieties and how they make up production for the entire country

A

The five top varieties are
1. Sangiovese (8%)
2. Montepulciano (4%)
3. Glera (4%)
4. Pinot Grigio (4%)
5. Merlot (3%)

Only makes up for 23% of what is grown throughout the country 77% are other local varieties

22
Q

Legal Aspects of understanding what grape variety to grow and where you can grow it.

A

Italy has a national grape variety catalog which shows where a varietal is suitable and recommended and where it is suitable for cultivation in very specific regions

23
Q

What is the meaning of the following
1. PDO based on a single varietal
2. PDO Blend
3. PDO + Variety
4. PGI

A
  1. This could be like a Barbaresco (100% Nebbiolo)
  2. This could be like a Gutturnio or Chianti or Cerasuolo di Vittoria
  3. This could be a colli Piacentini Barbera (Has to be 85% Barbera)
  4. With is an IGT in that is has to be from a specific area like a IGT Toscana which could include varieties that are suitable for cultivation in Tuscany
24
Q

Weather vs. Climate

A

Weather is related to one year, while climate refers to many years

25
Q

4 most important aspects of grapevine variety and precocity

A
  1. Budburst
  2. Blooming
  3. Veraison
  4. Maturity
26
Q

What are heat units for a given site

A

GDD (Growing Degree Days)

27
Q

4 classifications for grape varieties in GDD based on thermal requirements for ripening

A
  1. 1,200 - 1,400 (Chard, Riesling, Gamay, Pinot Noir)
  2. 1,400 - 1,600 (Chard, Riesling, Sauv Blanc, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Gamay, Merlot)
  3. 1,600 - 1,800 (Sangiovese, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Sauv Blanc)
  4. 1,800 - 2,000 (Malvasia Bianca, Nebbiolo, Sangio, Lambrusco Sorbara, Barbera)
28
Q

What is needed in order to assess whether a grape can be mechanically harvested

A

We need to understand the type of force needed to get the grape to separate from the rachis because this quality is varietal specific (Chard and Sangiovese require a low force, Merlot and Glera require a medium force, and trebbiano and moscato require a high force making mechanization more difficult)

29
Q

Important Traits of Barbera (4)

A
  1. Mid-early Budburst
  2. Mid-late ripening
  3. Intermediate Vigor
  4. Intermediate bunch and berry size
30
Q

Important Traits of Croatina (4)

A
  1. Mid-late Budburst
  2. mid-late Ripening
  3. Mid-high Vigor
  4. med-big bunch size, Intermediate berry size
31
Q

Important Traits of Chardonnay (4)

A
  1. Early Budburst
  2. Early Ripening
  3. High Vigor
  4. med-small bunch, intermediate berry size

Vineyard Variability (10 decks)

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