Lecture 1 - How many functions are there? Flashcards
What is cognitive function?
Cognitive function encompasses the processes by which sensory input is elaborated, transformed, reduced, stored, recovered and used.
how many cognitive functions are there according to the DSM-5?
6!
- Learning and memory
- language
- perceptual motor
- executive function
- complex attention
- social cognition
How many cognitive domains are there according to CHC?
5!
- Short term memory
- Crystallised Knowledge
- visual processing
- fluid reasoning
- processing speed
What is social cognition?
- Recognition of emotion
- Theory of mind
Describe a mild and major neurocognitive disorder in social cognition
MILD
- subtle changes in attitude
- change in personality
- decreased empathy, increased extra or intraversion
- decreased inhibition and intermittent apathy or restlessness
MAJOR
- Behaviour out of acceptable range
- insensitive to social standards/modesty
- excessive focus on topics even when others are disinterested
- carries out behaviours without regard for family or friends
- disregards safety
- lacks insight
What is executive function?
- planning
- decision making
- working memory
- responding to feedback
- error correction
- overriding habits
- mental flexibility
Describe mild and major neurocog disorder with executive function
MILD:
- requires more effort to complete multistage projects
- difficulty multi tasking or refocussing over interruption
- fatigue arising from extra effort in organising planning and decision making
- finds social gatherings more taxing due to increased effort in following convo
MAJOR:
- Abandons complex projects
- can only focus on one thing at a time
- must rely on others to plan activities of daily living or making decisions
What is complex attention
- sustained attention
- divided attention
- selective attention
- processing speed
Describe mild and major neurocog disorder in complex attention
MILD:
- takes longer to do things
- errors in routine tasks and need more double checking
- thinks more easily when there is no competing stimuli
—> can usually still focus on things when other stimuli is present…. but just difficult.. major can’t……..
MAJOR:
- increased difficulty coping with multiple stimuli in environments (eg. noise etc….)
- easily distracted
- cant attend unless stimuli restricted and simplified
- difficulty holding new info
- cant perform mental calc
- thinking takes much longer and needs simplifcation
Decribe the cog domain of language
- expressive language eg. naming, word finding and fluency
- receptive language
Describe mild and major neurocognitive disorder in language
MILD:
- noticeable word finding difficulty and substitutes general WORDS for specific ones
- avoids using specific names of people
- grammar errors - subtle omission etc.
MAJOR:
- sig difficulty in expressive and receptive language
- uses more general PHRASES than speific ones
- may not recall names of close friends or family
- idiosyncratic word use, grammatical errors and less spontaneous output
- echolalia, mutism
Describe learning and memory
- immediate memory
- recent memory
- long term memory - free recall
- very long term (crystallised)
Describe mild and major neurocognitive disorder in learnin and memory
MILD
- difficulty recalling recent events
