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NeuroEndo Exam 2 > Lecture 1: Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the brain?

A
  • Forebrain
    • Cerebral Hemispheres
    • Deep structures
  • Mibrain
  • Hindbrain
    • pons
    • medulla
    • cerebellum
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2
Q

What makes up the brainstem

A

Midrain & hindbrain (w/o cerebellum)

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3
Q

What is gray matter in the brain?

A

Makes up the outside of the brain

Contains soma & dendrites

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4
Q

What areas compose the white matter in the brain?

A

Collection of myelinated axons

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5
Q

What are other names for white mater

A

Fasciculus

Funiculus

Lemniscus

Peduncle

Tract

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6
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

Ridge of cortical tissue

Results from folding

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7
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

Groove located between gyri

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8
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Particularly deep sulci

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9
Q

What is the importance of gyri and sulci?

A

Increases total cortical area and total number of cortical neurons

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10
Q

What does the central sulcus divide?

A

Frontal and Parietal Lobe

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11
Q

What does the lateral sulcus divide?

A

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Temporal Lobe

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12
Q

What does the parietooccipital sulcus divide?

A

Parietal Lobe and Occipital Lobe

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13
Q

What does the cingulate sulcus divide?

A

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Lingual Lobe

Found in medial wall of cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the limbic lobe?

A

Strip of cortex that appears encircles the telencephalon-diencephalon junction

  • Between the corpus callosum & frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
  • Curves around to occupy part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe
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15
Q

What gyri are found in the frontal lobe?

A
  • Precentral Gyrus
  • Superior Frontal Gyrus
  • Middle Frontal Gyrus
  • Inferior Frontal Gyrus
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16
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex contained in the brain?

A

Precentral frontal gyrus

Controls voluntary movement

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17
Q

What is the action of the premotor and supplementary motor areas of the frontal lobe?

A

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

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18
Q

What parts of the brain make up Broca’s Area?

A

Opercular and Triangular Parts of Inferior frontal gyrus

19
Q

Which hemisphere contains Broca’s area?

A

Left (Usually)

20
Q

What is the action of Broca’s area?

A

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

(speaking, handwriting, texting)

21
Q

What is the action of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Executive Functions: personality, decision making, insight, foresight

Most anterior part of frontal lobe

22
Q

What gyri are found in the parietal lobe?

A
  • Postcentral Gyrus
  • Superior Parietal Gyrus
  • Inferior Parietal Gyrus
23
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

Postcentral parietal gyrus

24
Q

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

A

Processing tactile and propioceptive information, sensory localization

25
Q

What part of the parietal lobe is involved in language comprehension?

A

Inferior parietal lobule

Usually left hemisphere

26
Q

What are some other jobs of the parietal lobe?

A

Spatial Orientation

Directing Attention

27
Q

What is a homonculus?

A
  • A somatotopic map in the postcentral gyrus that reflects the amount of innervation to a given body area
    • Spatialy distorted
  • Coronal cut
  • Sensory and motor map
28
Q

What gyri are found in the temporal lobe?

A
  • Superior Temporal Gyrus
  • Middle Temporal Gyrus
  • Inferior Temporal Gyrus
29
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Primary Auidtory Cortex: Superior temporal gyrus (posterior portion and some of inferior parietal lobule)

Supramarginal Gyrus + Angular Gyrus

30
Q

Which hemisphere usually contains Wernicke’s area?

A

Left

31
Q

What is the action of Wernicke’s area?

A

Language Comprehension

32
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus

33
Q

What does the medial part of the temporal lobe do?

A

Learning

Memory

34
Q

What parts of brain mostly compose the limbic lobe?

A
  • Cingulate Gyrus
  • Parahippocampal Gyrus: learning and memory
35
Q

What is the bump at the anterior end of the parahippocampal gyrus called?

A

Uncus

36
Q

What limbic structure is located beneath the uncus of the temporal lobe?

A

Amygdala

37
Q

What actions/responses is the limbic lobe responsible for?

A
  • Emotional response
  • Drive-related behavior
  • Memory
38
Q

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for taste?

A

Insula

39
Q

Where is the insula?

What outlines it?

A
  • Buried in lateral sulcus
  • Can be seen by removing opercula
  • Outlined by the circular sulcus
40
Q

What gyri are found in the occiptal lobe?

A
  • Cuneus
  • Lingual Gyrus
  • Occipitotemporal Gyrus
  • Lateral Occipital Gyrus
41
Q

Where is the cuneus found?

A

Between parietooccipital sulcus and calcarine sulcus

42
Q

Between what two sulci is the cuneus of the occipital lobe located between?

A

Parietooccipital sulcus

Calcarine sulcus

43
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex?

A

Walls of the Calcarine Sulcus

NeuroEndo Exam 2 (13 decks)

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