Lecture 1 - Energy Systems Flashcards
Which of these releases energy and requires energy?
- ATP hydrolysis or phosphorylation?
- Hydrolysis releases energy
- Phosphorylation requires energy to resynthesize ATP.
what are strengths and limitation of Krebs cycle?
limitation is it produces small amounts of energy
- Strength is it produces large amounts of coenzymes (E.G. NADH) to be used in electron transport chain.
How does training change the fuel utilisation?
- Training leads to an increase in ability to utilise fat stores, resulting in greater CHO stores later on.
What is the fate of Pyruvate?
- This is dependant on if oxygen is present of not.
- If no oxygen is present pyruvate engages the NAD molecules, which become NADH. It is then converted to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase with the NADH depositing its H+ ion.
- If oxygen is present pyruvate interacts with the NAD producing NADH and is converted to Acetyle COA by pyruvate dehydrogenase allowing it to enter the Krebs cycle.
The NADH deposits it H+ ion with 02 to make H20 creating energy within the electron transport chain.
What is ATP hydrolysis & phosphorylation?
- Hydrolysis is the breakdown of ATP in to ADP by adding of water (H2o)
- Phosphorylation is the resynthesis of ATP from ATP.
Please explain the energy yield of the lactic acid system.
- The energy yield is gained as there is an output of 4 ATP.
- Whilst the contraction requires two ATP through it course to continue it reaction
What is energy and where does it manifest itself within the body?
- The property of matter and radiation which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules).
- Movement, cell function an cell homeostasis.
How would you describe the fat vs carbohydrate utilisation curve graph.
- Talk about the association between exercise intensity and fuel utilisation.
- At rest energy is predominantly from fat with minimal contributions from CHO.
- As activity intensifies CHO utilisation increases and fat decreases.
What are the strenghs and limitations of the ATP/PC system
- Produces energy very quickly (9 ATP/kg second)
- However it capacity for energy production is very small as becomes exhausted rapidly (6 seconds).
What is the function of myofibrilar ATPase?
- Catalyses the reaction of ATP hydrolysis
- Located at the head of the myosin molecule
Hoe much ATPase is stored in muscles and how ling does this last during maximal exercise?
- 24mmol/kg dry mass
- Lasts 2 seconds during maximal exercise.
Once lactate has been produces what happens to it?
- Converted back to Pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenate in the liver. this is then used for energy.
What is the role of the electron transport chain and how much ATP does it produce?
- To take electrons and H+ and remove them from mitochondrial membrane and take them into the inter membrane space, increasing the concentration gradient of H+ here and synthesise ATP from ADP & Pi
- 3 hydrogen ions equal 1 ATP
WHat are the two energy pathways of the body and the associated energy systems with these.
- Anaerobic pathway:
- This encompasses the ATP/PC system and the Lactic Acid system (Anaerobic glycolysis).
- The aerobic pathway:
- This encompasses the aerobic system.
How is ATP broken down into ADP + Pi
- Broken down by ATPase
