Lecture 1 - Cell Bio with your world Flashcards
Living Cells have a similar basic chemistry
and the information follows that DNA is the template for RNA which contains the program for making proteins.
Two types of Prokaryotes, no obvious internal structure or organelles
Bacteria and Archaea
What is the fundamental unit of life and how did they evolve?
cells which evolved over 3 billion years ago
What is evolution?
the process of mutations and selection over many years
what is a genome?
The totality of the cell’s hereditary info embodied in the linear sequence of the nucleotides in its DNA
Higher organisms are a community…
of cells
how big are animal and plant cells and how are they observed?
5-20 um, light microscope which shows some internal structure
How do we determine evolutionary relationships among species?
The Tree of Life has 3 domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes
How do bacteria and archaea adapt to different environments?
they have a wide range of chemical capabilities
how did mitochondria and chloroplast evolve?
Archeon engulfed aerobic bacteria to form mitochondria
archeon engulfed photosynthetic bacteria to form chloroplasts
what could free-living single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms do?
they have complex cells which can swim, mate, hunt, & devour other microbes
all living cells are enclosed with what?
plasma membrane
responding to stimuli does what to a living cell?
adapt to their environment which allows them to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
what is cell theory?
- all organisms are made of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- cells come from existing cell
Bacteria are uncultured and diverse, which means…
most cannot be experimented on so very little is known about most lineages
How is archaea simple?
they have a simple structure of being monoderm with a peptidoglycan layer, which is diff. from gram-positive bacteria
