Lecture #1 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the functions of the systemic circulation?
The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the tissues. The Left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta.
In what organs systems does the blood distribute to?
Brain, Heart, Kidneys, Muscle, Gastrointestinal system and skin.
What are the functions of the pulmonary circulation?
The pulmonary circulation system starts in the right ventricle ejects blood in the pulmonary tract which carries deoxygenated blood (venous blood) to the lungs and then back to the heart.
Blood leaving the pulmonary circulation (arterial blood) enters the left atrium
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? (Draw it out)
- Right Atrium (Deoxygenated blood)
- Tricuspid Valve
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary trunk and Arteries
- Pulmonary Capillaries (blood loses CO2 and gain O2)
- Pulmonary Veins (oxygenated blood)
- Left Atrium
- Bicuspid Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Aorta and systemic circulation
What is Cardiac Output?
Amount of blood pumped by the ventricles per unit time.
At rest, the left and right ventricles each pump about 5.0 liters of blood per minute (L/min)
This amount increases to as much as 30 L/min during maximal exercise
What are the chambers in the heart?
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Which Ventricle is thicker Right or Left ventricle?
Left Ventricle has much more muscle and is much thicker than the right ventricle
What are the functions of the heart valves?
Insure that the blood flows in one direction from heart to tissues and back to the heart
What are heart valves in the heart?
Two Atrioventricular valves (between the atria and ventricles)
Two Semi-lunar valves (between LV and aorta between RV and pulmonary trunk)
What are the AV Valves?
Tricuspid valve separates right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral valve) separates left atrium and left ventricle
Tissue flaps of the AV valves have tendons know as ________.
Chordae Tenindae: attach the valve cusps to the inner ventricular walls
How does Chordae Tenindea support the AV valves?
They prevent “prolapse” of the valves into the atria during ventricular contraction.
Specialized muscles, known as ________ regulate tension in the chordae tendinae and contract simultaneously with the ventricles.
Papillary Muscles
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic valve: separates the left ventricular chamber and the aorta Pulmonary valve: separates the right ventricular chamber from the main pulmonary trunk
Are the semilunar pressure dependent or non-dependent?
Pressure dependent, meaning that they open and close in response to pressure differences in the vessels and ventricular chambers
Where does the blood supply to the heart muscle tissue come from?
Coronary circulation: the tissues of the heart are supplied with blood
What are the coronary arteries?
Right/Left Coronary artery: originate on the ascending aorta
What is the function of the Right Coronary Artery?
It supplies the SA node, AV node, parts of the right atrium, the interventricular septum, the right and left ventricle.
Marginal Branch on the right coronary artery and supplies the anterior portions of the right ventricle
Posterior Interventricular branch originates coronary and supplies the posterior portions of both ventricles
What is the function of the Left Coronary Artery?
Originates on the ascending aorta
supplies the SA node, and parts of the left atrium, interventricular septum, and ventricles
Circumflex Branch: supplies left atrium and posterior region of the left ventricle
Anterior interventricular branch: originates from left coronary artery and supplies the anterior portions of both ventricles
What are the coronary veins and function?
Great Cardiac: drains anterior heart
Middle Cardiac: drains the posterior heart
Coronary sinus: drains the great/middle cardiac which then drains in the right atrium
