Lecture 1-Biological molecules

Question 1

What different structures can carbon form?

Answer 1

Simple, Chain, Ring

Question 2

Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds so it’s ………

Answer 2

Tetravalent

Question 3

Why does carbon have unique stability + diversity?

Answer 3

,Because of its Valency + Low atomic weight

Question 4

Cellular chemical reactions occur ,because of ……

Answer 4

A functional group transfer

Question 5

What do functional groups have that dictate the function of compounds?

Answer 5

Specific CHEMICAL properties

Question 6

Give an example of a CATECHOLAMINE

Answer 6

Adrenaline

Question 7

Give an example of a RETINOIC ACID

Answer 7

Ethanoic acid

Question 8

How are polymers formed?

Answer 8

By DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS-removal of water

Question 9

What does dehydration synthesis require?

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

How are polymers broken down?

Answer 10

By HYDROLYSIS-addition of water

Question 11

What happens in hydrolysis?

Answer 11

Bonds BETWEEN reactants = broken + the energy released is STORED as ATP

Question 12

How much of a cell is IONS/SMALL MOLECULES?

Answer 12

4%

Question 13

How much of a cell is PHOSPHOLIPIDS?

Answer 13

2%

Question 14

How much of a cell is DNA?

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

How much of a cell is RNA?

Answer 15

6%

Question 16

How much of a cell is PROTEINS?

Answer 16

15%

Question 17

How much of a cell is POLYSACCHARIDES?

Answer 17

2%

Question 18

How much of a cell is WATER?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

What is h20?

Answer 19

A MEDIUM where cellular reactions occur

Question 20

Name the roles of h20

Answer 20

Growth
Nutrition
Hydration
Reproduction
Hygiene
Health
Universal Solvent
Transporter (bodily fluids)
Lubricant (joints + tissues)
Shock Absorber (changes in CSF)
Regulates Body Temperature (sweat)

Question 21

How much water do you need a day?

Answer 21

1.5L

Question 22

Are water molecules POLAR?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

All polar molecules + ions are ….. ……. ,because ……

Answer 23

Water soluble …….they can form H bonds with h20

Question 24

Why can’t non-polar molecules form H bonds with h20?

Answer 24

They have no electrical charge + repel water (HYDROPHOBIC)

Question 25

When complexes are both HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC, what is this called?

Answer 25

Amphiphilic

Question 26

What is influenced by hydrophobic forces?

Answer 26

The 3D shape of molecules

Question 27

Why does the plasma membrane have unique properties?

Answer 27

Because of its fluidity & polarity

Question 28

Why is there tension of the surface film of a liquid?

Answer 28

To reduce surface area ( via attraction of the particles in the surface layer)

Question 29

Where is there surface tension and why?

Answer 29

At liquid-air interfaces, because of the GREATER ATTRACTION of liquid molecules to each other (cohesion) than to those in air

Question 30

What are SURFACTANTS?

Answer 30

Amphiphilic substances that REDUCE the surface tension of the liquid it is dissolved in

Question 31

Examples of surfactants…..

Answer 31

Detergents
Wetting agents
Emulsifiers
Foaming agents
Dispersants

Question 32

Why can the lung alveoli collapse?

Answer 32

Because of surface tension

Question 33

What do the lung alveoli do to prevent surface tension?

Answer 33

They secrete surfactants

Question 34

What happens when a baby lacks surfactants?

Answer 34

Their lungs collapse - ATELECTASIS - they’re prescribed a surfactant inhaler therapy