Lecture 1: Anatomy Of Respiratory System Main Things For Quiz

Question 1

What is the anatomical location of the larynx in adults?

Answer 1

C3-C6

Question 2

What is the anatomical location of the larynx in children?

Answer 2

C3-C4

Question 3

What is the normal atlas-occipital (A-O) extension?

Answer 3

35 degrees

Question 4

What is the Rima glottidis?

Answer 4

Narrowest part of the upper airway in adults (space right between the true vocal cords).

Question 5

What is the narrowest part of the upper airway in adults?

Answer 5

Rima glottidis

Question 6

What is the emergency airway?

Answer 6

• Cricothyroid membrane–space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
• Perform a cricothyroidotomy to insert an emergency airway

Question 7

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 7

• Suspends the larynx

- Bone that is often fractured in strangling/hanging

Question 8

What is Sellick’s maneuver?

Answer 8

• Applying pressure to the cricoid cartilage

- Pressure collapses posteriorly and obstructs the esophagus–prevents regurgitation during intubation

Question 9

What is the Cricothyroid muscle Innervated by?

Answer 9

External superior laryngeal nerve

*Only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that is NOT Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 10

What is the Cricothyroid membrane?

Answer 10

Emergency airway!

Question 11

The external branch of the SLN Innervates…

Answer 11

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 12

What does stimulation of the internal SLN cause?

Answer 12

Laryngospasm–vocal cords slam shut

Question 13

What is the drug of choice for laryngospasm?

Answer 13

Succinylcholine

Question 14

What is the only abductor muscle of the larynx?

Answer 14

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Question 15

What is the narrowest part of the airway in children?

Answer 15

Cricoid ring–cone-shaped and narrows inferiorly; why we can use uncuffed ETTs in children

Question 16

Cricoid ring in children =

Answer 16

Narrowest part of the airway

Question 17

What is the narrowest part of the airway in adults?

Answer 17

At the true vocal cords (Rima glottidis)

Question 18

Where does the trachea extend from?

Answer 18

C6-T5

Question 19

What is the carina?

Answer 19

@ T5-T7

-where the trachea divides into 2 main bronchi

Question 20

How far is the carina from the teeth?

Answer 20

25 cm from the teeth–too deep for ETT placement (patient will be stimulated, will cough and buck the vent)

Question 21

What is the difference between the right and left main bronchi?

Answer 21

The right bronchus is straighter/wider than the left; left bronchus is longer
-Why when patients aspirate, it is likely to appear in the right upper lobe first

Question 22

What is acinus?

Answer 22

Gas exchange center of the airway

Question 23

Where does the conducting airway end?

Answer 23

At the respiratory bronchioles–where gas exchange starts

Question 24

Where does gas exchange first start to occur?

Answer 24

Some gas exchange starts to occur in the respiratory bronchioles; MOST gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sacs/alveoli

Question 25

Does gas exchange occur in the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 25

NO–gas exchange starts to occur in the respiratory bronchioles

Question 26

What types of cells secrete surfactant in the alveoli?

Answer 26

Type II pneumocytes

Question 27

What does surfactant do?

Answer 27

Decreases surface tension in the small airways–keeps the small airways from collapsing on themselves, makes the lungs more compliant/easier to expand

Question 28

When do the type II pneumocytes fully mature?

Answer 28

At 24 weeks gestation–very important in neonates