Lecture 1: Anatomy Of Respiratory System Main Things For Quiz Flashcards
What is the anatomical location of the larynx in adults?
C3-C6
What is the anatomical location of the larynx in children?
C3-C4
What is the normal atlas-occipital (A-O) extension?
35 degrees
What is the Rima glottidis?
Narrowest part of the upper airway in adults (space right between the true vocal cords).
What is the narrowest part of the upper airway in adults?
Rima glottidis
What is the emergency airway?
- Cricothyroid membrane–space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
- Perform a cricothyroidotomy to insert an emergency airway
What is the hyoid bone?
- Suspends the larynx
- Bone that is often fractured in strangling/hanging
What is Sellick’s maneuver?
- Applying pressure to the cricoid cartilage
- Pressure collapses posteriorly and obstructs the esophagus–prevents regurgitation during intubation
What is the Cricothyroid muscle Innervated by?
External superior laryngeal nerve
*Only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that is NOT Innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the Cricothyroid membrane?
Emergency airway!
The external branch of the SLN Innervates…
Cricothyroid muscle
What does stimulation of the internal SLN cause?
Laryngospasm–vocal cords slam shut
What is the drug of choice for laryngospasm?
Succinylcholine
What is the only abductor muscle of the larynx?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
What is the narrowest part of the airway in children?
Cricoid ring–cone-shaped and narrows inferiorly; why we can use uncuffed ETTs in children
Cricoid ring in children =
Narrowest part of the airway
What is the narrowest part of the airway in adults?
At the true vocal cords (Rima glottidis)
Where does the trachea extend from?
C6-T5
What is the carina?
@ T5-T7
-where the trachea divides into 2 main bronchi
How far is the carina from the teeth?
25 cm from the teeth–too deep for ETT placement (patient will be stimulated, will cough and buck the vent)
What is the difference between the right and left main bronchi?
The right bronchus is straighter/wider than the left; left bronchus is longer
-Why when patients aspirate, it is likely to appear in the right upper lobe first
What is acinus?
Gas exchange center of the airway
Where does the conducting airway end?
At the respiratory bronchioles–where gas exchange starts
Where does gas exchange first start to occur?
Some gas exchange starts to occur in the respiratory bronchioles; MOST gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sacs/alveoli
Does gas exchange occur in the terminal bronchioles?
NO–gas exchange starts to occur in the respiratory bronchioles
What types of cells secrete surfactant in the alveoli?
Type II pneumocytes
What does surfactant do?
Decreases surface tension in the small airways–keeps the small airways from collapsing on themselves, makes the lungs more compliant/easier to expand
When do the type II pneumocytes fully mature?
At 24 weeks gestation–very important in neonates
