Lecture 1 Flashcards
the number of carbons in palmitic, myristic and stearic
16, 14, 18
what is plamitoleic acid
16 carbons + 1 double bond
the other name for oleic acid
octadecanoic acid
membrane desorption rate
dissociation from membrane, decreases with the increase in the length of acyl-chain
pH and solubility of fatty acids in water
above 5, soluble
below 4, not soluble
How does the body avoid fatty acid damage when they are above CMC in plasma and in cells?
in plasma: they are bound to serum albumin 6 fatty acids
in cells. fatty acid binding proteins are used
states of triacyglycerols from animals and plats, at room temperature
animals: solid
plants: liquid
What is the general structure of phospholipids?
Glycerol back bone
1- fedtsyre
2- fedtsyre
3- Phosphate + hovedgruppe
what do lipid droplets contain? the membrane layer?
1- TAGs
2-cholesteryl ester
3-sterol ester
phospho-monolayer
what are chylomicroner? contain? proteins on the surface?
lipoproteiner, TAGs, apolipoproteins
what are chylomicroner? contain? proteins on the surface? which protein on the anchor it to lipoprotein lipase?
lipoproteiner, TAGs, apolipoproteins. apo C-II
LDL? protein on the surface? contains?
Lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl-esters
There is no natural lipid species with a …… charge
positive. can be negative or neutral but never positive in natural contexts
In bilayer, the individual fatty acid units are ….. because …. examples
cylinderical, the cross-section area of head is equal to the side chain. Glycerophospholipids + sphingolipids
in a micelle, the individual fatty acid units are ….. because …. examples
Wedge chape inverted cone points downwards because cross-section area of head is bigger than side chain. lysophospholipids with less fatty acids og detergents, free fatty acids
what do phosphoinositides regulate
membrane trafficking and cell signaling
which enzyme moves phosphatidyl-serine to the surface
scramblase
which enzymes are responsible for the assymtric distribution of phospholipids
flippaser og floppaser
where is cardiolipin found in …..
inner mitokondrielle membran
what is a lysophospholipid?
mono-acyl glycerolphospholipids
what does taffazin catalysise and what syndrome it can cause
The last steps in cholesterol synthesis. barth syndrome (cardiomyopathy) and skeletal muscle weekness
What can sphigolipids act as?
as cellular receptors on the surface
What can sphigolipids act as?
as cellular receptors on the surface
what enzyme catalyses the synthesis of estrogen from testesterone?
Aromatase
Which reactions play important roles in the synthesis of bile acids and steroid hormones?
hydroxylations and chain removals
Side chain removal and hydroxylation of cholesterol take place in steroidogenic tissue?
mitochondria
Why do biles solubilise lipids?
Because of their detergent properties
Which circulation ensures efficient secretion and recycling of bile salts?
Enterohepatic circulation
What are primary bile salts?
cholic acid and chenocholic acid
what the secondary bile salts? what are they produced from? te type of reaction? by what? and where?
deoxycholic acid from cholic acid.
lithocholic acid from chenocholic acid.
in the gut by bacteria
dehydroxylation
