Lecture 1

Question 1

the number of carbons in palmitic, myristic and stearic

Answer 1

16, 14, 18

Question 2

what is plamitoleic acid

Answer 2

16 carbons + 1 double bond

Question 3

the other name for oleic acid

Answer 3

octadecanoic acid

Question 4

membrane desorption rate

Answer 4

dissociation from membrane, decreases with the increase in the length of acyl-chain

Question 5

pH and solubility of fatty acids in water

Answer 5

above 5, soluble

below 4, not soluble

Question 6

How does the body avoid fatty acid damage when they are above CMC in plasma and in cells?

Answer 6

in plasma: they are bound to serum albumin 6 fatty acids

in cells. fatty acid binding proteins are used

Question 7

states of triacyglycerols from animals and plats, at room temperature

Answer 7

animals: solid
plants: liquid

Question 8

What is the general structure of phospholipids?

Answer 8

Glycerol back bone
1- fedtsyre
2- fedtsyre
3- Phosphate + hovedgruppe

Question 9

what do lipid droplets contain? the membrane layer?

Answer 9

1- TAGs
2-cholesteryl ester
3-sterol ester

phospho-monolayer

Question 10

what are chylomicroner? contain? proteins on the surface?

Answer 10

lipoproteiner, TAGs, apolipoproteins

Question 11

what are chylomicroner? contain? proteins on the surface? which protein on the anchor it to lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 11

lipoproteiner, TAGs, apolipoproteins. apo C-II

Question 12

LDL? protein on the surface? contains?

Answer 12

Lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl-esters

Question 13

There is no natural lipid species with a …… charge

Answer 13

positive. can be negative or neutral but never positive in natural contexts

Question 14

In bilayer, the individual fatty acid units are ….. because …. examples

Answer 14

cylinderical, the cross-section area of head is equal to the side chain. Glycerophospholipids + sphingolipids

Question 15

in a micelle, the individual fatty acid units are ….. because …. examples

Answer 15

Wedge chape inverted cone points downwards because cross-section area of head is bigger than side chain. lysophospholipids with less fatty acids og detergents, free fatty acids

Question 16

what do phosphoinositides regulate

Answer 16

membrane trafficking and cell signaling

Question 17

which enzyme moves phosphatidyl-serine to the surface

Answer 17

scramblase

Question 18

which enzymes are responsible for the assymtric distribution of phospholipids

Answer 18

flippaser og floppaser

Question 19

where is cardiolipin found in …..

Answer 19

inner mitokondrielle membran

Question 20

what is a lysophospholipid?

Answer 20

mono-acyl glycerolphospholipids

Question 21

what does taffazin catalysise and what syndrome it can cause

Answer 21

The last steps in cholesterol synthesis. 
barth syndrome (cardiomyopathy) and skeletal muscle weekness

Question 22

What can sphigolipids act as?

Answer 22

as cellular receptors on the surface

Question 23

What can sphigolipids act as?

Answer 23

as cellular receptors on the surface

Question 24

what enzyme catalyses the synthesis of estrogen from testesterone?

Answer 24

Aromatase

Question 25

Which reactions play important roles in the synthesis of bile acids and steroid hormones?

Answer 25

hydroxylations and chain removals

Question 26

Side chain removal and hydroxylation of cholesterol take place in steroidogenic tissue?

Answer 26

mitochondria

Question 27

Why do biles solubilise lipids?

Answer 27

Because of their detergent properties

Question 28

Which circulation ensures efficient secretion and recycling of bile salts?

Answer 28

Enterohepatic circulation

Question 29

What are primary bile salts?

Answer 29

cholic acid and chenocholic acid

Question 30

what the secondary bile salts? what are they produced from? te type of reaction? by what? and where?

Answer 30

deoxycholic acid from cholic acid.
lithocholic acid from chenocholic acid.
in the gut by bacteria
dehydroxylation