lecture 1 Flashcards
How does the nervous system integrate and coordinate
it senses the environment and produces and appropriate response
What makes up the Central Nervous System(CNS)
the brain and the spinal cord
What makes up the Peripheral Nerve System
Peripheral Nerves, everything other than the brain and spinal cord
What are Neurons and how many types are there
Cells specialised for transmission of information
- there are four morphological types
What is Glia and how many types are there for each system
Glia (glue) is support for neurons
- there are 5 types
- 4 CNS
- 1 PNS
What are the Structural components of neurons
Dendrites, Cell body, axon, axon terminal
What are Dendrites
they receive input and send info to the cell body
-part of the input zone
What is a Cell Body
it contains the nucleus and organelles and sums input
-input zone
What is an Axon
carries electrical impulses and may or not be myelinated
-conduction zone
What is the Axon Terminal
The end of the axon
- neurotransmitter release (chemical signal)
- output zone
What makes up the summation zone
the Axon hillcock, it makes decisions on whether to transmit signal further
What is the main function of an Axon
Carries electrical signal between brain areas, to and from the spinal cord, or to and from peripheral sensory receptors
In the CNS what is a group of cell bodies
nucleus
- in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - grey matter
In the CNS what is a group of axons
a Tract
- in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - white matter
In the PNS what is a group of Cell Bodies
Ganglion
In the PNS what is a group of Axon’s
Nerve
What are the 4 Neuron Morphological types
- Multipolar - Multipole processes emanate from the cell body
- Bipolar - Two processes emanate from the cell body
- Unipolar - One processes emanate from the cell body
- Anaxonic (axonless) - No distinct axon, all processes look alike
What are the CNS glia
Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes
What are Astrocytes
Type of CNS glia
they supply nutrients to neurons
- ensheath blood capillaries
- transmit information
What is Micro Glia
Type of CNS glia
the immune cells of the CNS
Engulf microorganisms and debris
What are Ependymal cells
Type of CNS glia
- line fluid-filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
- have Cilia to circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
Oligodendrocytes
Type of CNS Glia
- support nerve fibre
- Ensheath them with myelin
What is the type of Glia found in the PNS
Schwann cells, similar to Oligodendrocytes (of the CNS)
- support Peripheral Nerve Fibres
- ensheath them with Myelin
What is Myelin Sheath
lipid (Fat) wrapped around the axon
-it increases conduction velocity
What is the basic Neuron Structure
Myelin Sheath of multiple Schwann cells in line
-with nodes of Ranvier (gaps between myelin) to increase conduction
How do cells communicate
through synapse ( junctions between neurons)`
How does synapse occur between pre-synaptic neurons and post-synaptic neurons
the Pre-synaptic neuron contains synaptic vesicles of the neurotransmitter, it releases this chemical signal across the synaptic cleft where the post-synaptic neuron receives this signal using its neurotransmitter receptor
what is a neurotransmitter
a chemical signal
What is afferent information
sensory information going into the brain (Ascending)
What is Efferent Information
Motor responses going out of the brain (Descending)
