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Nervous System > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the nervous system integrate and coordinate

A

it senses the environment and produces and appropriate response

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2
Q

What makes up the Central Nervous System(CNS)

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What makes up the Peripheral Nerve System

A

Peripheral Nerves, everything other than the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What are Neurons and how many types are there

A

Cells specialised for transmission of information

- there are four morphological types

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5
Q

What is Glia and how many types are there for each system

A

Glia (glue) is support for neurons

  • there are 5 types
  • 4 CNS
  • 1 PNS
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6
Q

What are the Structural components of neurons

A

Dendrites, Cell body, axon, axon terminal

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7
Q

What are Dendrites

A

they receive input and send info to the cell body

-part of the input zone

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8
Q

What is a Cell Body

A

it contains the nucleus and organelles and sums input

-input zone

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9
Q

What is an Axon

A

carries electrical impulses and may or not be myelinated

-conduction zone

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10
Q

What is the Axon Terminal

A

The end of the axon

  • neurotransmitter release (chemical signal)
  • output zone
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11
Q

What makes up the summation zone

A

the Axon hillcock, it makes decisions on whether to transmit signal further

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12
Q

What is the main function of an Axon

A

Carries electrical signal between brain areas, to and from the spinal cord, or to and from peripheral sensory receptors

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13
Q

In the CNS what is a group of cell bodies

A

nucleus

- in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - grey matter

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14
Q

In the CNS what is a group of axons

A

a Tract

- in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - white matter

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15
Q

In the PNS what is a group of Cell Bodies

A

Ganglion

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16
Q

In the PNS what is a group of Axon’s

A

Nerve

17
Q

What are the 4 Neuron Morphological types

A
  1. Multipolar - Multipole processes emanate from the cell body
  2. Bipolar - Two processes emanate from the cell body
  3. Unipolar - One processes emanate from the cell body
  4. Anaxonic (axonless) - No distinct axon, all processes look alike
18
Q

What are the CNS glia

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes

19
Q

What are Astrocytes

A

Type of CNS glia
they supply nutrients to neurons
- ensheath blood capillaries
- transmit information

20
Q

What is Micro Glia

A

Type of CNS glia
the immune cells of the CNS
Engulf microorganisms and debris

21
Q

What are Ependymal cells

A

Type of CNS glia

  • line fluid-filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
  • have Cilia to circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
22
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Type of CNS Glia

  • support nerve fibre
  • Ensheath them with myelin
23
Q

What is the type of Glia found in the PNS

A

Schwann cells, similar to Oligodendrocytes (of the CNS)

  • support Peripheral Nerve Fibres
  • ensheath them with Myelin
24
Q

What is Myelin Sheath

A

lipid (Fat) wrapped around the axon

-it increases conduction velocity

25
Q

What is the basic Neuron Structure

A

Myelin Sheath of multiple Schwann cells in line

-with nodes of Ranvier (gaps between myelin) to increase conduction

26
Q

How do cells communicate

A

through synapse ( junctions between neurons)`

27
Q

How does synapse occur between pre-synaptic neurons and post-synaptic neurons

A

the Pre-synaptic neuron contains synaptic vesicles of the neurotransmitter, it releases this chemical signal across the synaptic cleft where the post-synaptic neuron receives this signal using its neurotransmitter receptor

28
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

a chemical signal

29
Q

What is afferent information

A

sensory information going into the brain (Ascending)

30
Q

What is Efferent Information

A

Motor responses going out of the brain (Descending)

Nervous System (8 decks)

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