Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the three axes

Answer 1

Cranio-Caudal (Vertical)

Anterior-Posterior (Dorsal-Ventral)

Left-Right (Transverse)

Question 2

Cranio-Caudal Axis

Answer 2

Axis of rotation for medial and lateral rotation

Question 3

Anterior-Posterior Axis

Answer 3

Axis of rotation for abduction and adduction

Question 4

Left-Right Axis

Answer 4

Axis of rotation for flexion and extension

Question 5

3 Planes (Intersects 2 axes)

Answer 5

Median (Sagittal; Midsagittal: Parasagittal)

Frontal (Coronal)

Transverse (Cross-Section)

Question 6

Body Planes Overview

Answer 6

Question 7

Median Plane

Answer 7

Cranio-caudal axis + Anterior-posterior axis

Question 8

Frontal Plane

Answer 8

Cranio-caudal axis + left-right axis

Question 9

Transverse Plane

Answer 9

Anterior-posterior axis + left-right axis

Question 10

Top 5 Layers of Epidermis

Answer 10

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

Question 11

2 Layers of Dermis

Answer 11

Papillary- Loose CT made up of elastic fibers

Reticular- Dense irregular CT

Question 12

Epidermis Characteristics

Answer 12

Innervated

Avascular

Question 13

Superficial Fascia AKA names

Answer 13

Subcutaneous Fascia

Superficial Fascia

Hypodermis

SubQ

Question 14

Epidermal Glands

Answer 14

Sebaceous Glands

Ceruminous Glands

Mammary Glands

Sudoriferous Glands

Question 15

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 15

Holocrine

• Secretion is thick
• Secretory cell is destroyed in the process of secretion

Question 16

Ceruminous Glands

Answer 16

Located in the external auditory canal

Secrete ear wax

Question 17

Mammary Glands

Answer 17

Modified Sweat Glands

Method of secretion is both merocrine and apocrine

Merocrine- secretion is thin and watery

Apocrine- Secretion is thicker and the top of the cell is cut off to release secretions

Question 18

Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 18

Sweat glands

Method of secretion is Merocrine and Apocrine

Question 19

Specialized Cells in the Integument

Answer 19

Melanocytes

Langerhans Cells

Merkel Cells

Question 20

Melanocytes

Answer 20

Found in the stratum basale (deep layer in epidermis)

Function is to protect the organism/human from radiation

Question 21

Langerhans Cells

Answer 21

AKA dendritic cells (APC’s)

Derived from monocytes

Migrate from epidermis to lymph nodes

Found in the stratum spinosum

Question 22

Merkel Cells

Answer 22

Mechanoreceptors

Found in stratum Germinativum

Include Meissner Corpuscles and Paccini Corpuscles

Question 23

Answer 23

Meissner Corpuscle

Sensitivity to light touch mechanoreceptor

Question 24

Answer 24

Pacini Corpuscle

Mechanoreceptor for pressure

Question 25

Nails

Answer 25

Made up of ungis

• Modified in stratum corneum
• Flattened
• Avascular and not innervated
• Produced in the germinativum

Question 26

Dermatomes

Answer 26

Question 27

Basement Membrane

Answer 27

Found between the epidermis and the dermis

Consists of two components

• Basal lamina-connected to epithelial layer
• Reticular lamina- connected to the CT layer

Question 28

Classifications for Epithelial Cells

Answer 28

cells in layers

Shape of the most superficial layer of cells

Surface modifications on the apical domains

+/- of Keratin

Question 29

Surface Modifications on Apical Domain

Answer 29

Cilia

Stereocilia

Microvilli (brush border)