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Anatomy Exam 1 > Anatomy Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Anatomy Test 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is seen in a mid-saggital section of the human body

A

Heart

Intestines

Colon

Brain

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2
Q

What is not seen in a mid-saggital cross section?

A

Lungs

kidneys

spleen

ovaries

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3
Q

What is the axis of rotation for lateral and medial movements?

A

Cranio-caudal

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4
Q

What is the axis of rotation for flexion and extension?

A

Left-Right or transverse

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5
Q

What describes the dermis?

A

Vascular and innervated

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6
Q

What categories make up special connective tissue

A

Adipose

Bone

Cartilage

Hematopoeitic

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7
Q

What categories make up Adult CT?

A

Loose

Dense

Elastic

Reticular

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8
Q

Which of the GAGS make up the basement membrane?

A

Heparin Sulfate

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9
Q

Which of the GAGs is the most abundant?

A

Chondroitin Sulfate

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10
Q

What is the difference between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue?

A

White is unilocular

Brown is multilocular- this means it has a bunch of white sacs within it

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11
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

Synthesizes ECM and collagen found in it

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12
Q

When does ossification occur?

A

When hydroxyapatite is laid down

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13
Q

When does ossification not occur?

A

During calcification, when calcium is laid down

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14
Q

What are all the long bones

A

Metacarpals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Radius/Ulna/Humerus

Femur/Tibia/Fibula

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15
Q

What are all the short bones

A

Tarsals

Carpals

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16
Q

What are all the flat bones

A

Scapula

Sternum

Ribs

Skull bones

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17
Q

Name the sesamoid bones

A

Pisiform

Patella

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18
Q

Name the irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

Sacrum

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19
Q

What is the difference between spongy bone and hyalin cartilage on a slide?

A

Spongy bone is more branched

*Remember pink slide

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis)

Fibrous (Synarthrosis)

Synovial (Diarthrosis)

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21
Q

2 Types of cartilage joints

A

Symphysis

Ex. Pubic Symphysis

Synchondrosis

Ex. First sternocostal joint

22
Q

3 Types of Fibrous Joints

A

Suture

Ex. Joints between calvaria (skull bones)

Gomphosis

Ex. Teeth Joints

Syndesmosis

Ex. Interosseous membrane

23
Q

4 Axis for Synovial Joints (diarthrotic) and their types

A

Uniaxial

  • Hinge
    • Elbow/Knee
  • Pivot
    • Radioulnar

Biaxial

  • Condyloid
    • Finger Joints
  • Saddle
    • Thumb Joint

Triaxial

  • Ball and Socket
    • Glenohumeral
    • Femoroacetabular

Nonaxial

  • Plane Joints
    • Sternoclavicular
    • Scapuloclavicular
24
Q

Diarthrotic joints have parts that are more vascular and more innervated than other parts. What are they?

A

Inner synovial membrane -> More Vascularized

Outer Fibrous Capsule –> More Innervated

25
Q

What is the function of a fixator?

A

Stabilizes the joint

26
Q

What is the function of a synergist?

A

Eliminates unwanted movement

27
Q

Hierarchy of muscle CT

A

Epimysium (Covers Muscles)

Perimysium (Covers Fascicles)

Endomysium (Covers Myofibers)

28
Q

White Light Fast Muscle Fibers Have what characteristics?

A

Less Mitochondria

Less Myoglobin

More ATPase

Very Fatiguable

29
Q

Red Slow Muscle Fibers have what characteristics?

A

More Mitochondria

More Myoglobin

Less ATPase

Are More Fatigue Resistant

30
Q

What muscle is found in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma muscle

31
Q

What is found in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region?

A

Platysma

Supraclavicular nerves

Lateral branches of the intercostal nerves

32
Q

What are the muscles found within the clavipectoral region?

A

Subclavius

Pectoralis Minor

33
Q

What pierces the Clavipectoral Fascia

A

Cephalic Vein

Thoracoacromial Arteries

Lateral Pectoralis Nerves

34
Q

What are the 6 Muscles found within the Prevertebral Fascia?

A

Levator Scapulae

Scalenus Anterior

Scalenus Medius

Scalenus Posterior

Omohoid

Splenius Capitis

35
Q

What are the boundaries of the Cervical Lateral Triangle?

(Anterior/Posterior/Inferior/Roof)

A

Anterior –> Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

Posterior –> Anterior border of the trapezius

Inferior –> Clavicle

Roof –> Skin

36
Q

What term refers to the aggregation of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

37
Q

What term refers to the aggregation of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

38
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS is called?

A

A Tract

39
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS is called?

A

A Nerve

40
Q

What is the definition of a commissure?

A

Tracts in the CNS that cross from one side to the other

41
Q

Where do motor neurons enter the spinal cord?

A

Through the anterior horns

42
Q

Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord?

A

At the posterior horns

43
Q

What 3 structures are contained in the axillary sheath?

A

Axillary artery

Axillary veins

Brachial Plexus

44
Q

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

A

The capitulum of the humerus because the head is on the proximal side

45
Q

What does the head of the ulna articulate with?

A

The Triquetral because it is on the distal side

46
Q

What muscles lie superior and inferior of the spiral groove of the humerus?

What nerve and artery runs through the spiral groove?

A

Triceps

Radial Nerve and Brachial Artery

47
Q

Where does the Deltoid muscle attach on the anterior side of the humerus?

A

Deltoid Tuberosity

48
Q

What are the bones in the Wrist?

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetral

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapeziud

Capitate

Hamate

49
Q

What are the contents of the Deltopectoral (clavipectoral) region?

A

Cephalic Vein

Deltopectoral Lymph nodes

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

50
Q

What are the borders of the deltopectoral region?

A

Deltoid

Pectoralis Minor

Middle 1/3 of your clavicle

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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