Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

body plan

A

regular arrangement of body structures relative to axis of the body

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2
Q

asymmetrical

A

no symmetry

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3
Q

symmetry

A

balance of proportions

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4
Q

spherical symmetry

A

infinite number of planes
rare
senses interact with environment from all directions

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5
Q

radial symmetry

A

body can be divided into a similar half by more than two planes

  • general form of a cylinder
    (eg. jelly fish)
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6
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

can be divided along a sagittal plane

-head explores environment first

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7
Q

anterior

A

head

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8
Q

posterior

A

tail

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9
Q

dorsal

A

top

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10
Q

ventral

A

stomach

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11
Q

frontal

A

dorsal-> ventral

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12
Q

sagittal

A

left-> right (longitudinal)

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13
Q

transverse

A

anterior->posterior (cross section)

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14
Q

proximal

A

close to mid-line

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15
Q

lateral

A

further from mid-line

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16
Q

protozoa

A

first, unicellular animal-like organism

-lives independently

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17
Q

metazoa

A

after, multicellular animals

-cannot live independently

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18
Q

protoplasmic level organization

A

all life functions within single cell

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19
Q

cellular level organization

A
  • cells not organized into tissues

- division of labour between cells (reproduction, nutrition)

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20
Q

cell-tissue level organization

A

aggregation of cells into tissues

21
Q

tissue-organ level organization

A

aggregation of tissues into organs

eg. parenchyma, stomate

22
Q

organ-system level organization

A

organs work together to form a system to perform functions

23
Q

embryonic layers

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

24
Q

body cavity examples

A

gut and coelomic cavity

25
Q

blastula

A

a cluster of cells

26
Q

blastocoel

A

cells arranged in one layer of germ cells around a fluid-filled cavity

27
Q

ectoderm

A

outer germ layer

28
Q

endoderm

A

inner germ layer

29
Q

invagination

A

leads to first cavity

30
Q

gastrocoel

A

gut cavity

31
Q

blastopore

A

opening into gastrocoel

32
Q

incomplete gut

A

food comes in and out the same opening

33
Q

complete gut

A

has two openings

34
Q

protostomes

A

blastopore- mouth

35
Q

deuterostomes

A

blastopore-anus

36
Q

schizocoely

A

proliferation of cells from near the lip of the blastopore (splitting)

37
Q

enterocoely

A

pushing of the central region of the archenteron wall-mesoderm formation

38
Q

coelom

A

fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesoderm

39
Q

hydrostatic skeleton

A

aids in locomotion

40
Q

acoelomate

A

no coelom, parenchyma (mesoderm)

41
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

“tube within a tube”

42
Q

eucoelomate

A

true coelom, lined with peritoneum

43
Q

body symmetry

A

asymmetric, bilateral, spherical, radial

44
Q

cephalization

A

head-directional movement

45
Q

graded (hierarchial) organization

A

protoplasmic to organ system

46
Q

complexity and body size

A

correlated

47
Q

germ layers

A

ecto, ends, meso

48
Q

body cavities

A

gut, coelomic

49
Q

body segmentation

A

complexity and improvement in function