Lecture 1

Question 1

body plan

Answer 1

regular arrangement of body structures relative to axis of the body

Question 2

asymmetrical

Answer 2

no symmetry

Question 3

symmetry

Answer 3

balance of proportions

Question 4

spherical symmetry

Answer 4

infinite number of planes
rare
senses interact with environment from all directions

Question 5

radial symmetry

Answer 5

body can be divided into a similar half by more than two planes

• general form of a cylinder
  (eg. jelly fish)

Question 6

bilateral symmetry

Answer 6

can be divided along a sagittal plane

-head explores environment first

Question 7

anterior

Answer 7

head

Question 8

posterior

Answer 8

tail

Question 9

dorsal

Answer 9

top

Question 10

ventral

Answer 10

stomach

Question 11

frontal

Answer 11

dorsal-> ventral

Question 12

sagittal

Answer 12

left-> right (longitudinal)

Question 13

transverse

Answer 13

anterior->posterior (cross section)

Question 14

proximal

Answer 14

close to mid-line

Question 15

lateral

Answer 15

further from mid-line

Question 16

protozoa

Answer 16

first, unicellular animal-like organism

-lives independently

Question 17

metazoa

Answer 17

after, multicellular animals

-cannot live independently

Question 18

protoplasmic level organization

Answer 18

all life functions within single cell

Question 19

cellular level organization

Answer 19

• cells not organized into tissues

- division of labour between cells (reproduction, nutrition)

Question 20

cell-tissue level organization

Answer 20

aggregation of cells into tissues

Question 21

tissue-organ level organization

Answer 21

aggregation of tissues into organs

eg. parenchyma, stomate

Question 22

organ-system level organization

Answer 22

organs work together to form a system to perform functions

Question 23

embryonic layers

Answer 23

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 24

body cavity examples

Answer 24

gut and coelomic cavity

Question 25

blastula

Answer 25

a cluster of cells

Question 26

blastocoel

Answer 26

cells arranged in one layer of germ cells around a fluid-filled cavity

Question 27

ectoderm

Answer 27

outer germ layer

Question 28

endoderm

Answer 28

inner germ layer

Question 29

invagination

Answer 29

leads to first cavity

Question 30

gastrocoel

Answer 30

gut cavity

Question 31

blastopore

Answer 31

opening into gastrocoel

Question 32

incomplete gut

Answer 32

food comes in and out the same opening

Question 33

complete gut

Answer 33

has two openings

Question 34

protostomes

Answer 34

blastopore- mouth

Question 35

deuterostomes

Answer 35

blastopore-anus

Question 36

schizocoely

Answer 36

proliferation of cells from near the lip of the blastopore (splitting)

Question 37

enterocoely

Answer 37

pushing of the central region of the archenteron wall\-mesoderm formation

Question 38

coelom

Answer 38

fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesoderm

Question 39

hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 39

aids in locomotion

Question 40

acoelomate

Answer 40

no coelom, parenchyma (mesoderm)

Question 41

pseudocoelomate

Answer 41

"tube within a tube"

Question 42

eucoelomate

Answer 42

true coelom, lined with peritoneum

Question 43

body symmetry

Answer 43

asymmetric, bilateral, spherical, radial

Question 44

cephalization

Answer 44

head-directional movement

Question 45

graded (hierarchial) organization

Answer 45

protoplasmic to organ system

Question 46

complexity and body size

Answer 46

correlated

Question 47

germ layers

Answer 47

ecto, ends, meso

Question 48

body cavities

Answer 48

gut, coelomic

Question 49

body segmentation

Answer 49

complexity and improvement in function