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BI256 > Flatworms 1 > Flashcards

Flatworms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

two major evolutionary advantages

A

cephalization

primary bilateral symmetry

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2
Q

use of longitudinal, circular and diagonal muscles

A

locomotion

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3
Q

what organ do they not contain?

A

kidney

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4
Q

lack gut cavity

A

acoelomate

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5
Q

digestive system

A

mouth-tube like pharynx- sack like gut (incomplete)

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6
Q

aceolomorphs have a true brain (T or F)

A

F- lacks a true brain

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7
Q

what are the diffused system of anterior neutrons connected to?

A

radially arranged nerve cords

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8
Q

crown of ciliated tentacles

A

lophophore

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9
Q

what are lophophores used for?

A
  • efficient feeding device

- respiration (increase surface area to gas exchange)

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10
Q

what are prototroch used in?

A

swimming and feeding

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11
Q

free swimming, feeding, ciliated cells in from of mouth

A

trochophore

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12
Q

turbellaria classifications

A
  • free living

- digestive tract present

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13
Q

trematoda classification

A
  • parasitic
  • internal
  • digestive tract present
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14
Q

monogenena classification

A
  • parasitic
  • external
  • digestive tract
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15
Q

cestoda classification

A
  • parasitic
  • internal
  • 2° loss
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16
Q

locomotion of turbellaria (3)

A
  • ciliated ventral surface
  • subtly muscular contraction
  • dual-gland adhesive organs
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17
Q

paired viscid cells

A

produce adhesive secretions that attach anchor cells to substratum

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18
Q

anchor cells

A

bear strain of attachment and allow subtle muscular contractions to pull the animals

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19
Q

pedal wave

A

muscular contraction

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20
Q

releasing cell

A

secretes chemicals that release anchor cell attachment

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21
Q

what does a flagellar beat create in terms of osmoregulation?

A

negative pressure and draws fluid in through mesh

22
Q

cellular interdigitation between flame cell and terminal tubule cup

A

mesh

23
Q

excretory pores

A

nephridiopores

24
Q

ocelli cells

A

for light detection

25
Q

statocyts

A

for equilibrium

26
Q

rheoreceptors

A

for sensing water flow

27
Q

auricles

A

ear-like lobes on the side of the head, tackle and chemoreceptive

28
Q

proboscis

A

used to suck up food

29
Q

adaptations for parasitism (4)

A
  • penetration glands
  • glands to produce cyst material
  • hooks and suckers for adhesion
  • increased reproductive capacity
30
Q
  • dorsoventrally flattened
  • leaf shaped
  • syncytial tegument
A

trematode

31
Q

monogenean (fish flukes)

A

mainly ectoparasites
simple life cycle
single host

32
Q

digenean (mammal flukes)

A

complex life cycle
at least 2 hosts
(mollusc, vertebrate)

33
Q

excretory system of adult digenea

A

ciliated cells extending into excretory tubules

34
Q

nervous system of digenean adults

A

present, difficult to visualize

35
Q

reproduction of digenean adults

A

hermaphroditic

36
Q
  • 5 developmental stages
  • 2+ intermediate hosts
  • high 1st intermediate host specificity (only)
  • adulthood only achieved in a definitive host
A

digenean life cycle parasitic strategies

37
Q

digenean location of adults

A

usually parasites of vertebrate animals

38
Q

digenean location of larvae

A

free-living or infect (in)vertebrates

39
Q

where are schistosome (blood flukes) found?

A

veins, intestine and urinary bladder

40
Q

what is the infective stage of schistosoma (swimmers itch)

A

carcariae (larvae)

41
Q

monogenean life cycle

A

1 egg= 1 adult

  • no intermediate hosts
  • autoinfection may be possible
  • high specificity for definitive host
42
Q

oncomiracidium

A

ciliated larvae

  • has eyespots
  • rudimentary digestive system
  • opisthaptor
43
Q

opisthaptor

A

ectoparasites that hang from the host

44
Q

what hosts do tapeworms require (2)

A

definitive and intermediate

45
Q

tapeworm morphology

A

torso-ventrally flattened

-lack a head and gut

46
Q

scolex

A

attachment to host

-contains hooks

47
Q

neck of tapeworm

A

zone of proliferation (behind scolex)

48
Q

strobila (tapeworm)

A

chain of reproductive units

49
Q

mature proglottids

A

mature reproductive organs

50
Q

gravid proglottids

A

contain eggs in the uterus

51
Q

microtriches

A

small projections covering the surface of cestodes

-increases surface area for food absorption (no digestive system- parasitic)

52
Q

commonly occurs in eyes or the brain blindness

A

cysticercosis

BI256 (9 decks)

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