Flatworms 1

Question 1

two major evolutionary advantages

Answer 1

cephalization

primary bilateral symmetry

Question 2

use of longitudinal, circular and diagonal muscles

Answer 2

locomotion

Question 3

what organ do they not contain?

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

lack gut cavity

Answer 4

acoelomate

Question 5

digestive system

Answer 5

mouth-tube like pharynx- sack like gut (incomplete)

Question 6

aceolomorphs have a true brain (T or F)

Answer 6

F- lacks a true brain

Question 7

what are the diffused system of anterior neutrons connected to?

Answer 7

radially arranged nerve cords

Question 8

crown of ciliated tentacles

Answer 8

lophophore

Question 9

what are lophophores used for?

Answer 9

• efficient feeding device

- respiration (increase surface area to gas exchange)

Question 10

what are prototroch used in?

Answer 10

swimming and feeding

Question 11

free swimming, feeding, ciliated cells in from of mouth

Answer 11

trochophore

Question 12

turbellaria classifications

Answer 12

• free living

- digestive tract present

Question 13

trematoda classification

Answer 13

• parasitic
• internal
• digestive tract present

Question 14

monogenena classification

Answer 14

• parasitic
• external
• digestive tract

Question 15

cestoda classification

Answer 15

• parasitic
• internal
• 2° loss

Question 16

locomotion of turbellaria (3)

Answer 16

• ciliated ventral surface
• subtly muscular contraction
• dual-gland adhesive organs

Question 17

paired viscid cells

Answer 17

produce adhesive secretions that attach anchor cells to substratum

Question 18

anchor cells

Answer 18

bear strain of attachment and allow subtle muscular contractions to pull the animals

Question 19

pedal wave

Answer 19

muscular contraction

Question 20

releasing cell

Answer 20

secretes chemicals that release anchor cell attachment

Question 21

what does a flagellar beat create in terms of osmoregulation?

Answer 21

negative pressure and draws fluid in through mesh

Question 22

cellular interdigitation between flame cell and terminal tubule cup

Answer 22

mesh

Question 23

excretory pores

Answer 23

nephridiopores

Question 24

ocelli cells

Answer 24

for light detection

Question 25

statocyts

Answer 25

for equilibrium

Question 26

rheoreceptors

Answer 26

for sensing water flow

Question 27

auricles

Answer 27

ear-like lobes on the side of the head, tackle and chemoreceptive

Question 28

proboscis

Answer 28

used to suck up food

Question 29

adaptations for parasitism (4)

Answer 29

- penetration glands - glands to produce cyst material - hooks and suckers for adhesion - increased reproductive capacity

Question 30

- dorsoventrally flattened - leaf shaped - syncytial tegument

Answer 30

trematode

Question 31

monogenean (fish flukes)

Answer 31

mainly ectoparasites simple life cycle single host

Question 32

digenean (mammal flukes)

Answer 32

complex life cycle at least 2 hosts (mollusc, vertebrate)

Question 33

excretory system of adult digenea

Answer 33

ciliated cells extending into excretory tubules

Question 34

nervous system of digenean adults

Answer 34

present, difficult to visualize

Question 35

reproduction of digenean adults

Answer 35

hermaphroditic

Question 36

- 5 developmental stages - 2+ intermediate hosts - high 1st intermediate host specificity (only) - adulthood only achieved in a definitive host

Answer 36

digenean life cycle parasitic strategies

Question 37

digenean location of adults

Answer 37

usually parasites of vertebrate animals

Question 38

digenean location of larvae

Answer 38

free-living or infect (in)vertebrates

Question 39

where are schistosome (blood flukes) found?

Answer 39

veins, intestine and urinary bladder

Question 40

what is the infective stage of schistosoma (swimmers itch)

Answer 40

carcariae (larvae)

Question 41

monogenean life cycle

Answer 41

1 egg= 1 adult - no intermediate hosts - autoinfection may be possible - high specificity for definitive host

Question 42

oncomiracidium

Answer 42

ciliated larvae - has eyespots - rudimentary digestive system - opisthaptor

Question 43

opisthaptor

Answer 43

ectoparasites that hang from the host

Question 44

what hosts do tapeworms require (2)

Answer 44

definitive and intermediate

Question 45

tapeworm morphology

Answer 45

torso-ventrally flattened | -lack a head and gut

Question 46

scolex

Answer 46

attachment to host | -contains hooks

Question 47

neck of tapeworm

Answer 47

zone of proliferation (behind scolex)

Question 48

strobila (tapeworm)

Answer 48

chain of reproductive units

Question 49

mature proglottids

Answer 49

mature reproductive organs

Question 50

gravid proglottids

Answer 50

contain eggs in the uterus

Question 51

microtriches

Answer 51

small projections covering the surface of cestodes | -increases surface area for food absorption (no digestive system- parasitic)

Question 52

commonly occurs in eyes or the brain blindness

Answer 52

cysticercosis