Lecture 1

Question 1

Epidermis Renewal

Answer 1

Biweekly by maturation and exfoliation. Fed from the dermis and subcutaneous circulation. Denucleation occurs.

Question 2

Dermis Renewal

Answer 2

Actively metabolizing tissue retains structure. Elastic fibers. Does not de-nucleate and exfoliate.

Question 3

Elastic fibers in dermis

Answer 3

elastin, collagens, GAGs (clycosaminoglycans/mucopolysaccharides)

Question 4

Epidermal cells

Answer 4

continually replicating and maturing into the cornified protective stratum corneum layer

Question 5

Dermal fibroblast cells

Answer 5

responsible for production and homeostasis of the underlying structural later of skin by synthesis and excretion of fibrillar proteins

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

production and transport of melanin inter- and intracellularly

Question 7

Langerhans cells

Answer 7

dendritic immunologic actors

Question 8

Hair follicle

Answer 8

produces complex hair structure in an orderly cycle from epidermal cells

Question 9

Sebaceous gland

Answer 9

holocrine excretory gland producing sebum for hair and skin lubrication. Exits into hair shaft.

Question 10

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 10

secretory bodies that act to control internal temperature by secreting water while maintaining electrolyte balance.

Question 11

Apocrine glands

Answer 11

associated with hair follicles; secretes milky fluid which contains proteins and lipid. May have pheromonal function, impacts body odor.

Question 12

Nerve receptors

Answer 12

tactile, temperature, pressure, stimulus response.

Question 13

Merkel’s disk

Answer 13

touch, pressure (static)

Question 14

Meissner’s corpuscule

Answer 14

touch, pressure (dynamic)

Question 15

Ruffini Ending

Answer 15

stretching of skin

Question 16

Pacinian corpuscule

Answer 16

deep pressure, vibration (dynamic)

Question 17

Krause end bulb

Answer 17

Thermoreceptor

Question 18

Tan

Answer 18

increased production of melanosomes to melanocytes

Question 19

Production of dermis

Answer 19

fibroblasts

Question 20

Skin physiology

Answer 20

Processing of xenobiotics, immunological responses, and radiation responses

Question 21

Skin pharmacology activity

Answer 21

antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, enzyme modulation, immune enhancement

Question 22

Lipophilic zone

Answer 22

stratum corneum, viable epidermis. As SC keratonizes, it becomes more lipophilic to keep water in and toxins out

Question 23

Hydrophilic zone

Answer 23

dermis

Question 24

Routes of skin penetration

Answer 24

transfollicular, direct transdermal (Most common), via eccrine gland

Question 25

Desmosome

Answer 25

holds together corneocytes

Question 26

Skin penetration issues

Answer 26

active ingredients must pass through S.C., penetration depends on polarity of active charge and hydration of S.C.