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Biology 1010 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 levels of biological organization

A
  1. Molecule
  2. Organelle
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ System
  7. Organism
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2
Q

A system is composed of… in biology?

A

Organs that work together

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3
Q

In biology, organs are composed of?

A

Several types of tissue

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4
Q

In biology, tissues are composed of?

A

Groups of similar cells that work together

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5
Q

What are the 5 levels of a population organization?

A
  1. Organism
  2. Population
  3. Community
  4. Ecosystem
  5. Biosphere
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6
Q

An ecosystem consists of what two things?

A

Organisms and non living components an environment

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7
Q

What are the 7 defining characteristics of life?

A
  1. Order
  2. Reproduction
  3. Growth and Development
  4. Energy Processing
  5. Response to the environment
  6. Regulation
  7. Evolutionary Adaptation
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8
Q

What is evolutionary adaptation?

A

Evolution of traits that allow organisms to live and reproduce

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9
Q

Inherited traits are also called

A

Adaptations

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10
Q

What enhances an organisms ability to survive and reproduce?

A

Inherited traits

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11
Q

Inherited traits can occur on multiple levels of..?

A

Organization in a particular environment

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12
Q

What are 4 types of adaptations?

A
  1. Structural/Anatomical
  2. Behavioural
  3. Biochemical
  4. Physiological
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13
Q

What are structural/anatomical adaptations. Give an example

A

Physical characteristics to cells or whole body

ex. elephants trunk for food

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14
Q

What is an example of a behavioural adaptation?

A

Migration to a warmer place in the winter or hiding from a predator

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15
Q

What is a biochemical adaptation? Give an example

A

Presence, characteristics of certain molecules.

ex. production of venom

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16
Q

What is a physiological adaptation. Give an example

A

Functioning of organ systems

ex. diving animals being able to slow pulse and restrict blood flow to certain organs

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17
Q

Who was the pioneer in the study of evolution?

A

Darwin

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18
Q

What did Darwin study?

A

The diversity of life and ways in which species seemed suited to their environment

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19
Q

Heritable traits are passed from what to what?

A

Parent to offspring

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20
Q

Individuals in a population vary in…?

A

Their traits

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21
Q

What are 2 sources of genetic variation?

A
  1. Sexual Reproduction

2. Mutation

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22
Q

What do genes copy through from parents?

A

Gametes

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23
Q

If a parent has two different alleles, how many gametes will have the traits?

A

Only some, not all

24
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the sequence of the DNA

25
Q

What are some ways that mutations can occur?

A

From toxins, error in DNA transcription

26
Q

Most body cell mutations are or are not passed on?

A

Are not

27
Q

Cells that produce gametes mutations are or are not passed on?

A

Are to their offsprings

28
Q

Mutations can have what 3 kinds of impacts

A

Fatal, Positive or negative

29
Q

If a population produces more offspring that can survive, what happens to the population?

A

The population stays relatively constant in numbers

30
Q

Individuals with traits best suited for the local environment will..?

A

Survive and reproduce

31
Q

Individuals with traits suited for the environment have a high what?

A

Fitness

32
Q

Fitness is?

A

The number of fertile offspring that produce successfully

33
Q

Adaptations evolve via

A

Natural selection

34
Q

What is inclusive fitness

A

When traits benefit more distant relatives

35
Q

How are soapberry bugs an example of evolution?

A

Their beak lengths evolve in response to change in a populations food source

36
Q

Theories generate…

A

testable hypotheses

37
Q

What is an example of a field and lab experiment that demonstrated evolution?

A

Wild guppies in trinidad

38
Q

What occurred in the wild guppies experiment?

A

The guppies who were in a pool with pike, we more drab in colour because pike prey on brighter coloured ones. Being put in a different pool, their camouflage changed

39
Q

What give signs of common ancestry physically?

A

Anatomical similarities

40
Q

What is homology? What stage of growth reveals it the best?

A

Traits shared what was inherited from a common ancestor. Early stages

41
Q

What is DNA

A

The genetic material of all cells

42
Q

What are genes?

A

A discrete unit of DNA

43
Q

How does diversity of life result?

A

From differences in DNA structure from individual to individual

44
Q

DNA sequences of organisms indicate…?

A

All organisms are related

45
Q

The more related something is, the greater amount of…..?

A

Gene similarities

46
Q

What do evolutionary trees/phylogenic trees represent?

A

The pattern of decent based on homologies (can be DNA or anatomy)

47
Q

What is the most recent common ancestor or hawks and amphibians?

A

2

48
Q

What is a fossil record?

A

Remains, imprints of long dead organisms

49
Q

What is carbon dating?

A

Looking at sedimentary layers to tell how old something is

50
Q

How old is the oldest fossil?

A

3.5 billion years old

51
Q

What does the fossil record document?

A

Differences between past and present organisms

52
Q

What are 3 reasons for extinction?

A
  1. Habitat destruction
  2. Climate change
  3. Evolution of new competitors or predators
53
Q

What is the cretaceous mass extinction thought to be caused by?

A

An asteroid

54
Q

What is biogeography?

A

Geographic distribution of species

55
Q

What does biogeography often reflect?

A

Changes in geological history of earth

56
Q

What do isolated immigrants sometimes give rise to? Why?

A

New species as they adapt to their new environment

Biology 1010 (4 decks)

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