Lecture 1 Flashcards
Synthesizes ribosomes.
Nucleolus.
Manufactures, stores, and ships cellular products.
Golgi body.
Sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes.
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids, vesicles transport.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Synthesis of membranes and secretory proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division.
Centrioles.
Mammalian cell cycle has these 5 stages:
G0, G1, S, G2, M.
In the G0 phase, the cell is:
Quiescent/resting.
In the G1 phase, the cell:
Is growing in size; deciding between cell division and DNA synthesis.
During the S phase, the cell is:
DNA is duplicated 2n -> 4n
During the G2 phase, the cell is:
Preparing for mitosis.
The cell is responsive to extracellular mitogenic growth (such as GF and TGFβ) during what phase?
The G1 phase until the restriction (R) point.
What is the R point?
Point in the G1 phase where cell decides if it will enter the S phase or not.
The cell cycle is controlled by:
Cyclins, CDKs, CKIs, CAKs, APCs.
Cyclins activate:
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Cyclins and CDKs produce ____ when complexed.
Maturation-promoting factor (MPF). MPF is responsible for microtubule assembly and chromosomal remodeling.
CDKs are inhibited by:
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs).
CDKs are activated by:
CDK-activating kinases (CAKs).
CKIs are important ___ ____ genes.
Tumor suppressor.
The anaphase promoting complex (APC):
Marks target cell proteins for degradation and sends the cell from metaphase to anaphase.
Tumors overexpress _____ and _____, and deactivate ______.
Cyclins; CDKs; CKIs.
Pluripotent cells give rise to
Cells from all three germ layers. Ex: embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells can cause _____ cancer if transplanted.
Teratoma (tumor containing tissues from many different cell types).
