Clicker Questions Chapters 1-11 Flashcards
The immune system will reject/not reject embryonic stem cells but will reject/will not reject adult stem cells.
Will reject; will not reject
Core components of the cell cycle are controlled by
CDK Kinases
What is the correct order of events in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
Which type of cell potency is capable of forming a whole organism?
Totipotent
What is the smallest organizational piece of an organism?
Cell
P53 induces:
Growth arrest genes, regulators of apoptosis, peeling skin from sunburn, DNA repair genes
___ carcinogens bind directly to DNA; ___ carcinogens must be biotransformed first
Direct; indirect
What are the top two causes of death and mortality in the US?
Cardiovascular disease and cancer
What tumor cells cannot spread via invasion?
Benign
What tumor cells can spread via invasion?
Malignant
What type of programmed cell death does NOT use caspases?
Autophagy
Pushing a brake pedal to the floor with no effect is analogous to ____
A deleted tumor suppressor gene
Hallmarks of Cancer #7, deregulating cellular energetics is about:
Cancer cells can reprogram genetics to favor glycolysis even under aerobic conditions
Which behavior does not prevent cancer?
Eat a diet high in fat
Which phase of the cell cycle has the most DNA?
G2/M
What is a cellular gene that, when it has lost its function, can lead to increased cell growth and division?
Proto-oncogene
What is the difference between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that are mutated to promote cell cycle progress?
Proto-oncogene needs to be activated, tumor suppressor genes need to be inactivated
What type of RNA is the most transcribed type of RNA in complex organisms?
ncRNA
If telomere shortening causes aging, then increased telomerase with longer telomeres will prevent aging? T/F
False
What is the gene that is mutated in Bloom syndrome?
BLM
What is the type of cancer that comes from mutations in the MUTYH gene in the BER pathway?
Colon cancer
What pathway recognizes cross links and bulky lesions that block DNA replication?
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
Which DNA repair pathway repairs double strand breaks, is error prone, and doesn’t use a template?
Non-homologous end-joining
What % of cancer is treatable if detected early?
90%
What stimulates DNA repair and has an anti-tumor effect?
Calorie restriction
What protein complex protects telomeres and regulates telomerase?
Shelterin
Which of the following statements about epigenetics is false?
Involves a change in DNA nucleotide sequence
Food and food ingredients can affect epigenetics and gene expression? T/F
True
