lecture 1

Question 1

Drugs: 1710-1715

Answer 1

animal parts and fluids

Question 2

Drugs: 100 years ago

Answer 2

• arsenic, strychnine, mercury used for BP

- opium, aspirin, nova-cane

Question 3

Drugs: 60 years ago

Answer 3

• few antibiotics, high BP, asthma

- local anesthetics, insulin, antibacterial drugs

Question 4

Drugs: today

Answer 4

• 19 new drugs last year

Question 5

The mechanism by which drugs act on the body - drug targets

Answer 5

pharmacodynamics

Question 6

all drugs must have a ___

Answer 6

target (physiological or biochemical)

Question 7

7 targets of drugs

Answer 7

membrane receptor, intracellular receptor, enzymatic pathway, transporter, ion channel, specific and nonspecific binding

Question 8

agents that work by chemical affects

Answer 8

antacid - CaCO3

Question 9

agents that work by osmotic effects

Answer 9

laxatives, diuretics

Question 10

agents that act binding non-specifically to large molecules

Answer 10

• protein denaturents (ethanol)

- anticancer drugs (bind non-specifically to DNA)

Question 11

agents that bind specifically to large molecule

Answer 11

• monoclonal antibodies

- infliximab (binds to TNF to treat arthritis)

Question 12

protein or protein complex which is a detector of cell signals

Answer 12

receptor

Question 13

receptors are ___

Answer 13

sensitive, selective, specific in its response

Question 14

receptor activators

Answer 14

agonist

Question 15

receptor blocker

Answer 15

antagonist

Question 16

binds to receptor but doesn’t fully activate

Answer 16

partial agonist

Question 17

changes when receptor is bound by agonist

Answer 17

• enzyme activation (adenylate cyclase)
• activation of transport system
• opening of ion channel

Question 18

steroids effect intracellular receptors

Answer 18

intracellular receptors alter DNA expression

Question 19

desensitization is

Answer 19

of receptors can be changed

Question 20

very rapid desensitization

Answer 20

tachyphylaxis

Question 21

maximum therapeutic effect

Answer 21

efficacy

Question 22

effect of drug related to dose

Answer 22

potency

Question 23

therapeutic index

Answer 23

TD50/ED50

Question 24

Specific enzymes

Answer 24

AMHTNII - and my head takes nothing in insomnia

- aspirin, methotrexate, heparin, tranylcypromine, nitroglycerine, imitinib, infliximab

Question 25

Transport systems

Answer 25

CCFO - cocaine cody flies over

- cocaine, chlorothiazide, fluoxetine (prozac), omeprazole (prilosec)

Question 26

Ion channels

Answer 26

NMP - no more potassium

- nifedipine, minoxidil, procaine (novacaine)

Question 27

Extra-cellular receptors

Answer 27

PCPMI - pop cans produce more issues

- propranolol, cimetidine, prazosin, morphine, insulin

Question 28

Intra-cellular receptors

Answer 28

Steroids, glucocorticoids, cortisol

Question 29

infliximab is a

Answer 29

monoclonal antibody - binds to specific molecule (TNF)