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Anatomy > Lecture 1,2 Introduction To Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1,2 Introduction To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy (macroscopic)

A

The study of body structure visible to the naked eye

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2
Q

2 ways the study of the gross anatomy

A

Systemic anatomy, and regional anatomy

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3
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

The study of the body structure as they are present in individual systems

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

The study of all structures located in particular region of the body

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5
Q

Axial region

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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6
Q

Appendicular region

A

The limbs attached to the body

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7
Q

Head and neck

A

The region of the body superior to the trunk and upper limbs. It includes head, face, lower jaw, and neck.

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8
Q

Trunk

A

The part of the body between head & neck, superiorly and lower limbs, inferiorly.

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9
Q

Thorax

A

Upper parts of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen.

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10
Q

Abdomen

A

The middle part of the trunk below the thorax.

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11
Q

Pelvis

A

The lower part of the trunk and below it articulates the lower limbs.

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12
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

-Emphasizes aspects of body structure and function important in the practice of medicine and allied health sciences.

-incorporates the regional and systemic approaches to study anatomy and stresses clinical applications.

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13
Q

Surface anatomy

A

-The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface .

  • it assists to locate internal structures like arteries, veins, nerves, glands, major viscera and major bony prominences visible and palpable on the surface.
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14
Q

Embryology

A

The study of the developmental changes that occur before birth.

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15
Q

Histology (microscopic)

A

The study of tissues and cells using the microscope.

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16
Q

Radiological anatomy

A

The study of body structures by using radiological images with different radiological modalities

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17
Q

Anatomical Reference Systems

A

There are several different approaches for studying the location of body structures relative to each other and the movements of various parts of the body

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18
Q

Body Planes

A

There are three body planes:
a) Sagittal plane
b) Coronal (frontal) plane
c) Horizontal (transverse) plane

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19
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

• Named for the sagittal suture in the cranium

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20
Q

Midsagittal/Median plane

A

It divides the body at the midline into equal right and left section

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21
Q

Sagittal/Parasagittal plane

A

It divides the body in any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane
into unequal right and left sections

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22
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A

• named for the coronal suture in the cranium
• It divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
• It is at right angles to the sagittal plane

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23
Q

Horizontal (transverse) plane

A

• It divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
sections
• This plane is at right angles toboth the coronal and the
sagittal planes

24
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Towards the head end or upper part of an structure

25
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head end or lower part of an structure

26
Q

Cranial

A

Towards head

27
Q

Caudal

A

Towards tail end

28
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Towards front of the body; in front of

29
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Towards or at the back of the body; behind

30
Q

Lateral

A

Away from median plane

31
Q

Medial

A

Near to the median plane

32
Q

Medially

A

Moving from the side of the body towards the midline

33
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or near to the point of the attachment of limb to the body/trunk

34
Q

Distal

A

Away from the origin of the body part or away from the point of the attachment of limb to the body trunk

35
Q

Superficial

A

Towards or at the surface of body

36
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

37
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

38
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body from another structure or organ

39
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle at a joint

40
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle at a joint

41
Q

Abduction

A

Moving limb away from midline of body

42
Q

Adduction

A

Moving limb towards midline of body

43
Q

Circumduction

A

A combination of flexion,
abduction, extension and adduction carried out
in a sequence in such a way that the distal end
of the part moves in a circle

44
Q

Rotation

A

turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis

45
Q

Medial (internal) rotation

A

brings the anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane

46
Q

Lateral (external) rotation

A

takes the anterior surface away from the median plane

47
Q

opposition

A

the movement by which the pad of the 1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad e.g. pinching

48
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the radius medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly.

49
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the radius laterally and uncrossing it from the ulna, returning the pronated forearm to the anatomical position.

50
Q

Nine Regions of the Abdomen

A

• Three central regions:
1. Epigastric
2. Umbilical
3. Pubic
• Three regions on each side
4. Right hypochondrium
5. Right Flank
6. Right groin
7. Left hypochondrium
8 Left Flank
9. Left groin

51
Q

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions by

A

A midclavicular sagittal plane on each side, and subcostal and intertubercular planes, which pass through the body transversely

52
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A

Right and left upper quadrants, right and left lower quadrants

53
Q

The right upper quadrant contains

A

the liver and gallbladder

54
Q

The left upper quadrant contains mainly

A

the stomach and spleen

55
Q

The right lower quadrant contains mainly

A

the cecum and appendix

56
Q

The left lower quadrant

A

the end of the descending colon and sigmoid colon

Anatomy (5 decks)

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