Lecture 1,2 Introduction To Anatomy

Question 1

Gross anatomy (macroscopic)

Answer 1

The study of body structure visible to the naked eye

Question 2

2 ways the study of the gross anatomy

Answer 2

Systemic anatomy, and regional anatomy

Question 3

Systemic anatomy

Answer 3

The study of the body structure as they are present in individual systems

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

The study of all structures located in particular region of the body

Question 5

Axial region

Answer 5

Head, neck, and trunk

Question 6

Appendicular region

Answer 6

The limbs attached to the body

Question 7

Head and neck

Answer 7

The region of the body superior to the trunk and upper limbs. It includes head, face, lower jaw, and neck.

Question 8

Trunk

Answer 8

The part of the body between head & neck, superiorly and lower limbs, inferiorly.

Question 9

Thorax

Answer 9

Upper parts of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen.

Question 10

Abdomen

Answer 10

The middle part of the trunk below the thorax.

Question 11

Pelvis

Answer 11

The lower part of the trunk and below it articulates the lower limbs.

Question 12

Clinical anatomy

Answer 12

-Emphasizes aspects of body structure and function important in the practice of medicine and allied health sciences.

-incorporates the regional and systemic approaches to study anatomy and stresses clinical applications.

Question 13

Surface anatomy

Answer 13

-The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface .

• it assists to locate internal structures like arteries, veins, nerves, glands, major viscera and major bony prominences visible and palpable on the surface.

Question 14

Embryology

Answer 14

The study of the developmental changes that occur before birth.

Question 15

Histology (microscopic)

Answer 15

The study of tissues and cells using the microscope.

Question 16

Radiological anatomy

Answer 16

The study of body structures by using radiological images with different radiological modalities

Question 17

Anatomical Reference Systems

Answer 17

There are several different approaches for studying the location of body structures relative to each other and the movements of various parts of the body

Question 18

Body Planes

Answer 18

There are three body planes:
a) Sagittal plane
b) Coronal (frontal) plane
c) Horizontal (transverse) plane

Question 19

Sagittal Plane

Answer 19

• Named for the sagittal suture in the cranium

Question 20

Midsagittal/Median plane

Answer 20

It divides the body at the midline into equal right and left section

Question 21

Sagittal/Parasagittal plane

Answer 21

It divides the body in any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane
into unequal right and left sections

Question 22

Coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 22

• named for the coronal suture in the cranium
• It divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
• It is at right angles to the sagittal plane

Question 23

Horizontal (transverse) plane

Answer 23

• It divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
sections
• This plane is at right angles toboth the coronal and the
sagittal planes

Question 24

Superior (cranial)

Answer 24

Towards the head end or upper part of an structure

Question 25

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 25

Away from the head end or lower part of an structure

Question 26

Cranial

Answer 26

Towards head

Question 27

Caudal

Answer 27

Towards tail end

Question 28

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 28

Towards front of the body; in front of

Question 29

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 29

Towards or at the back of the body; behind

Question 30

Lateral

Answer 30

Away from median plane

Question 31

Medial

Answer 31

Near to the median plane

Question 32

Medially

Answer 32

Moving from the side of the body towards the midline

Question 33

Proximal

Answer 33

Closer to the origin of the body part or near to the point of the attachment of limb to the body/trunk

Question 34

Distal

Answer 34

Away from the origin of the body part or away from the point of the attachment of limb to the body trunk

Question 35

Superficial

Answer 35

Towards or at the surface of body

Question 36

Deep

Answer 36

Away from the surface of the body

Question 37

Ipsilateral

Answer 37

On the same side of the body

Question 38

Contralateral

Answer 38

On the opposite side of the body from another structure or organ

Question 39

Flexion

Answer 39

Decreasing the angle at a joint

Question 40

Extension

Answer 40

Increasing the angle at a joint

Question 41

Abduction

Answer 41

Moving limb away from midline of body

Question 42

Adduction

Answer 42

Moving limb towards midline of body

Question 43

Circumduction

Answer 43

A combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction carried out in a sequence in such a way that the distal end of the part moves in a circle

Question 44

Rotation

Answer 44

turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis

Question 45

Medial (internal) rotation

Answer 45

brings the anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane

Question 46

Lateral (external) rotation

Answer 46

takes the anterior surface away from the median plane

Question 47

opposition

Answer 47

the movement by which the pad of the 1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad e.g. pinching

Question 48

Pronation

Answer 48

Rotating the radius medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly.

Question 49

Supination

Answer 49

Rotating the radius laterally and uncrossing it from the ulna, returning the pronated forearm to the anatomical position.

Question 50

Nine Regions of the Abdomen

Answer 50

• Three central regions: 1. Epigastric 2. Umbilical 3. Pubic • Three regions on each side 4. Right hypochondrium 5. Right Flank 6. Right groin 7. Left hypochondrium 8 Left Flank 9. Left groin

Question 51

The abdomen can be divided into nine regions by

Answer 51

A midclavicular sagittal plane on each side, and subcostal and intertubercular planes, which pass through the body transversely

Question 52

Abdominal Quadrants

Answer 52

Right and left upper quadrants, right and left lower quadrants

Question 53

The right upper quadrant contains

Answer 53

the liver and gallbladder

Question 54

The left upper quadrant contains mainly

Answer 54

the stomach and spleen

Question 55

The right lower quadrant contains mainly

Answer 55

the cecum and appendix

Question 56

The left lower quadrant

Answer 56

the end of the descending colon and sigmoid colon