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Anatomy > Body Covring 3&4 > Flashcards

Body Covring 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of body membranes 3

A
  • lines or cover body surfaces
  • protect body surfaces
  • lubricate body surfaces
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2
Q

Classification of body membranes

A
  • epithelial membranes
  • connective tissue membranes
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3
Q

Epithelial membrane includes

A
  • cutaneous membrane
  • mucous membrane
  • serous membrane
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4
Q

Connective tissue membranes include

A
  • synovial membrane
  • bursae
  • tendon sheaths
  • Meningeal membranes
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5
Q

The integumentary system comprises and acts

A

comprises the skin and its appendages, acting as a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain.

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6
Q

Skin is composed of two layers

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
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7
Q

Epidermis

A

made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, it is avascular

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8
Q

Dermis

A

it is composed of vascularized dense irregular connective tissue and loose areolar tissue

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9
Q

Skin appendages

A

– Sweat glands
– Sebaceous glands
– Hair
– Nail

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10
Q

Epidermis 2

A

It is superficial layer composed of Stratified
Squamous keratinized Epithelium

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11
Q

Epidermis gives rise

A

appendages of the skin like hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

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12
Q

The epidermis varies in thickness

A

from thin (in eyelids) to thick (in palms and soles, to withstand the wear and tear)
Generally, thinner in front and thicker at the
back surface of the body

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13
Q

Is epidermis vascular and have nerves

A

It is avascular and has a rich nerve supply

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14
Q

Epidermis of the skin relies

A

capillaries in the dermis for its nutrients

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15
Q

Epidermal derivatives:

A

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands placed in the dermis for their support, nutrition and nerve supply.

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16
Q

The dermis is

A

a connective tissue layer, richly supplied with nerves, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

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17
Q

The dermis superior surface

A

thrown into peg-like projections called dermal papillae
that indent the overlying epidermis to
create epidermal ridges

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18
Q

Friction ridges:

A

On the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet, the
dermal papillae form friction ridges.
These ridges increase friction and
enhance the gripping ability of the
fingers and feet

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19
Q

fingerprints

A

Friction ridge patterns are genetically
determined and unique to each of us

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20
Q

The deep layer of the dermis
is composed

A

irregularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue

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21
Q

Dermis contains what cells and fibers

A

It contains adipose cells and thick bundles of interlacing
collagen fibers that run in various planes

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22
Q

Hair are found

A

everywhere on the body except the palms, the sides and soles of the feet, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

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23
Q

The hair has two parts:

A

Shaft and root

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24
Q

Shaft

A

The part of the hair above the surface of the skin

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25
Root
The part of the hair below the surface
26
The structures associated to hair
Hair follicle Hair bulb Arrector pili muscle Sweat glands Sebaceous (oil secting) glands Sensory receptors
27
Hair follicle
Dermal and epidermal sheaths that surround a hair root
28
Hair bulb
Each hair bulb is concave at its end, and the concavity is occupied by vascular connective tissue called hair papilla
29
Arrector pili muscle
A smooth muscle, innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers Pulls hairs upright in the cold weather and when one is frightened causes dimpling of the skin surface, so-called gooseflesh
30
Sweat glands
These are long, spiral tubular glands distributed over the surface of the body, except on the margins of lips, the nail bed, and the external genitalia. They secrete watery sweat on surface of the skin.
31
Sebaceous (oil secting) glands
These glands are attached to hair root and secrete an oily secretion, the sebum onto the shaft of hair. They preserve flexibility of the emerging hair, and oils the surface epidermis around the hair
32
Sensory receptors
The skin possesses sensory receptors for different types of sensation like, touch (Meissner’s), pressure (Pacinian) and pain (nociceptor), These receptors are innervated with sensory nerve endings
33
nail
heavily keratinized scale-like modification of the epidermis.
34
The nail consist of
Free edge Nail bed Body Cuticle Root of nail Nail matrix Lateral Nail folds Lunula
35
Free edge
the dead part of nail.
36
Nail bed
Stratum basale extends beneath as the nail bed
37
Body of the nails
the visible attached portion
38
Cuticle
the proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body
39
Root of nail
the part embedded in skin
40
Nail matrix
the proximal part of nail bed responsible for growth
41
Lateral Nail folds
the borders of the nails overlapped by skin
42
Lunula
the half moon shaped white area on a nail
43
TENSION LINES OR LINES OF CLEAVAGE
In the skin it indicates the predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers in the dermis
44
Collagen fibers tend to run
longitudinally in the head and limbs Circumferentially in the neck and the trunk
45
hypodermis or superficial fascia
composed mainly of adipose tissue. It is not a part of the skin, and it anchors skin to underlying organs
46
SURFACE AREA OF SKIN--“Rule of Nines”
Anterior and Posterior surface of the Head and neck = 9% • Anterior surface of the Trunk (abdomen & Thorax) = 18% • Posterior surface of the Trunk (Abdomen & Thorax) = 18% • Anterior and Posterior right upper limbs = 9% • Anterior and posterior of left upper limbs = 9% • Anterior and posterior right lower limbs = 18% • Anterior and posterior of left lower limbs = 18% • Perineum = 1%
47
FASCIA
thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place.
48
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
- It unites the skin to the underlying structures - It is a mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues - It is dense in some places as in scalp, palm of hand and sole of foot - It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris
49
Deep Fascia
• It is more dense than superficial fascia. • Collagenous bundles are compact and more regularly arranged. • It is usually present in the form of membranes.
50
Examples of deep fascia
-Intermuscular septa -Investing fascia -Retinacula
51
Intermuscular septa
Lie between muscles dividing the limb into compartments
52
Investing fascia
Covers the surfaces of muscles
53
Retinacula
Localized thickening around joints, hold the tendons in place.
54
Body cavities function
protect and house the internal organs, while still allowing them the freedom of movement
55
The dorsal cavity located
toward the back of the body
56
The dorsal cavity is divided into:
1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral or spinal cavity
57
cranial cavity
which contains the brain
58
vertebral or spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord
59
The ventral cavity located
toward the front of the body
60
The ventral cavity is divided:
1. abdominopelvic cavity 2. thoracic cavity
61
abdominopelvic cavity and thoracic cavity are partitioned
By the thoracic diaphragm
62
The thoracic cavity is divided
into the pleural cavities (which hold the lungs) and pericardial cavity (which holds the heart)
63
The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided
Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity
64
Abdominal cavity
contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs
65
Pelvic cavity
contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum
66
Smaller body cavities
Oral cavities Nasal cavities Orbital cavities Middle ear cavities Synovial cavities
67
Mucous Membrane lines, adapted, structure, type of epithelium
-all body cavities that open to the exterior -Often adapted for absorption or secretion -Mucous membranes vary in structure, but they all have a surface layer of epithelium attached to underlying loose connective tissue - (lamina propria) -Type of epithelium depends on site- also contain mucous producing cells
68
Serous Membranes composed, lines, function
-Simple squamous epithelium and underlying areolar connective tissue -Lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body -Epithelium secretes the serous fluid which lubricates the membranes and reduces friction between organs
69
Mucous membrane examples
– The digestive tract – The respiratory tract – The reproductive tract – The urinary tract
70
Serous membrane examples
pleurae in the pleuralcavity, pericardium in the pericardial cavity, and peritoneum in the peritoneal cavity
71
Parietal pericardium
lines the pericardial cavity
72
Visceral pericardium
Covers the heart within that cavity
73
Parietal peritoneum
lines the walls of the abdomino-pelvic cavity
74
Visceral peritoneum
covers most of the organs within that cavity
75
Parietal pleura
lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
76
Visceral pleura
covers the lungs

Anatomy (5 decks)

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