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Anatomy > Body Covring 3&4 > Flashcards

Body Covring 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of body membranes 3

A
  • lines or cover body surfaces
  • protect body surfaces
  • lubricate body surfaces
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2
Q

Classification of body membranes

A
  • epithelial membranes
  • connective tissue membranes
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3
Q

Epithelial membrane includes

A
  • cutaneous membrane
  • mucous membrane
  • serous membrane
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4
Q

Connective tissue membranes include

A
  • synovial membrane
  • bursae
  • tendon sheaths
  • Meningeal membranes
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5
Q

The integumentary system comprises and acts

A

comprises the skin and its appendages, acting as a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain.

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6
Q

Skin is composed of two layers

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
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7
Q

Epidermis

A

made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, it is avascular

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8
Q

Dermis

A

it is composed of vascularized dense irregular connective tissue and loose areolar tissue

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9
Q

Skin appendages

A

– Sweat glands
– Sebaceous glands
– Hair
– Nail

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10
Q

Epidermis 2

A

It is superficial layer composed of Stratified
Squamous keratinized Epithelium

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11
Q

Epidermis gives rise

A

appendages of the skin like hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

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12
Q

The epidermis varies in thickness

A

from thin (in eyelids) to thick (in palms and soles, to withstand the wear and tear)
Generally, thinner in front and thicker at the
back surface of the body

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13
Q

Is epidermis vascular and have nerves

A

It is avascular and has a rich nerve supply

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14
Q

Epidermis of the skin relies

A

capillaries in the dermis for its nutrients

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15
Q

Epidermal derivatives:

A

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands placed in the dermis for their support, nutrition and nerve supply.

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16
Q

The dermis is

A

a connective tissue layer, richly supplied with nerves, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

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17
Q

The dermis superior surface

A

thrown into peg-like projections called dermal papillae
that indent the overlying epidermis to
create epidermal ridges

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18
Q

Friction ridges:

A

On the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet, the
dermal papillae form friction ridges.
These ridges increase friction and
enhance the gripping ability of the
fingers and feet

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19
Q

fingerprints

A

Friction ridge patterns are genetically
determined and unique to each of us

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20
Q

The deep layer of the dermis
is composed

A

irregularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue

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21
Q

Dermis contains what cells and fibers

A

It contains adipose cells and thick bundles of interlacing
collagen fibers that run in various planes

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22
Q

Hair are found

A

everywhere on the body except the palms, the sides and soles of the feet, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

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23
Q

The hair has two parts:

A

Shaft and root

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24
Q

Shaft

A

The part of the hair above the surface of the skin

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25
Q

Root

A

The part of the hair below the surface

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26
Q

The structures associated to hair

A

Hair follicle

Hair bulb

Arrector pili muscle

Sweat glands

Sebaceous (oil secting) glands

Sensory receptors

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27
Q

Hair follicle

A

Dermal and epidermal sheaths that surround a hair root

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28
Q

Hair bulb

A

Each hair bulb is concave at its end, and the
concavity is occupied by vascular connective
tissue called hair papilla

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29
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

A smooth muscle, innervated by sympathetic
nerve fibers

Pulls hairs upright in the cold weather and
when one is frightened

causes dimpling of the skin surface, so-called
gooseflesh

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30
Q

Sweat glands

A

These are long, spiral tubular glands
distributed over the surface of the body,
except on the margins of lips, the nail bed,
and the external genitalia. They secrete
watery sweat on surface of the skin.

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31
Q

Sebaceous (oil secting) glands

A

These glands are attached to hair root and
secrete an oily secretion, the sebum onto
the shaft of hair. They preserve flexibility of
the emerging hair, and oils the surface
epidermis around the hair

32
Q

Sensory receptors

A

The skin possesses sensory receptors for
different types of sensation like, touch
(Meissner’s), pressure (Pacinian) and pain
(nociceptor), These receptors are innervated
with sensory nerve endings

33
Q

nail

A

heavily keratinized scale-like modification of the epidermis.

34
Q

The nail consist of

A

Free edge
Nail bed
Body
Cuticle
Root of nail
Nail matrix
Lateral Nail folds
Lunula

35
Q

Free edge

A

the dead part of nail.

36
Q

Nail bed

A

Stratum basale extends beneath as the nail bed

37
Q

Body of the nails

A

the visible attached portion

38
Q

Cuticle

A

the proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body

39
Q

Root of nail

A

the part embedded in skin

40
Q

Nail matrix

A

the proximal part of nail bed responsible for growth

41
Q

Lateral Nail folds

A

the borders of the nails overlapped by skin

42
Q

Lunula

A

the half moon shaped white area on a nail

43
Q

TENSION LINES OR LINES OF CLEAVAGE

A

In the skin it indicates the predominant
direction of underlying collagen fibers in
the dermis

44
Q

Collagen fibers tend to run

A

longitudinally in the head and limbs
Circumferentially in the neck and the trunk

45
Q

hypodermis or superficial fascia

A

composed mainly of adipose tissue. It is not a part of the skin,
and it anchors skin to underlying organs

46
Q

SURFACE AREA OF SKIN–“Rule of Nines”

A

Anterior and Posterior surface of the Head and neck = 9%
• Anterior surface of the Trunk (abdomen & Thorax) = 18%
• Posterior surface of the Trunk (Abdomen & Thorax) = 18%
• Anterior and Posterior right upper limbs = 9%
• Anterior and posterior of left upper limbs = 9%
• Anterior and posterior right lower limbs = 18%
• Anterior and posterior of left lower limbs = 18%
• Perineum = 1%

47
Q

FASCIA

A

thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place.

48
Q

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

A
  • It unites the skin to the underlying structures
  • It is a mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues
  • It is dense in some places as in scalp, palm of hand and sole of foot
  • It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris
49
Q

Deep Fascia

A

• It is more dense than superficial fascia.
• Collagenous bundles are compact and more regularly arranged.
• It is usually present in the form of membranes.

50
Q

Examples of deep fascia

A

-Intermuscular septa
-Investing fascia
-Retinacula

51
Q

Intermuscular septa

A

Lie between muscles dividing the limb into
compartments

52
Q

Investing fascia

A

Covers the surfaces of muscles

53
Q

Retinacula

A

Localized thickening around joints, hold the tendons in place.

54
Q

Body cavities function

A

protect and house the internal organs, while still allowing them the freedom of movement

55
Q

The dorsal cavity located

A

toward the back of the body

56
Q

The dorsal cavity is divided into:

A
  1. cranial cavity
  2. vertebral or spinal cavity
57
Q

cranial cavity

A

which contains the brain

58
Q

vertebral or spinal cavity

A

contains the spinal cord

59
Q

The ventral cavity located

A

toward the front of the body

60
Q

The ventral cavity is divided:

A
  1. abdominopelvic cavity
  2. thoracic cavity
61
Q

abdominopelvic cavity and thoracic cavity are partitioned

A

By the thoracic diaphragm

62
Q

The thoracic cavity is divided

A

into the pleural cavities (which hold the lungs) and pericardial cavity (which holds the heart)

63
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided

A

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

64
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other
organs

65
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and
rectum

66
Q

Smaller body cavities

A

Oral cavities
Nasal cavities
Orbital cavities
Middle ear cavities
Synovial cavities

67
Q

Mucous Membrane lines, adapted, structure, type of epithelium

A

-all body cavities that open to the exterior
-Often adapted for absorption or secretion
-Mucous membranes vary in structure, but they all have a
surface layer of epithelium attached to underlying loose
connective tissue - (lamina propria)
-Type of epithelium depends on site- also contain mucous
producing cells

68
Q

Serous Membranes composed, lines, function

A

-Simple squamous epithelium and underlying areolar connective tissue
-Lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the
body
-Epithelium secretes the serous fluid which lubricates the
membranes and reduces friction between organs

69
Q

Mucous membrane examples

A

– The digestive tract
– The respiratory tract
– The reproductive tract
– The urinary tract

70
Q

Serous membrane examples

A

pleurae in the pleuralcavity, pericardium in the pericardial cavity, and peritoneum in the peritoneal cavity

71
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

lines the pericardial cavity

72
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Covers the heart within that cavity

73
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

lines the walls of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

74
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

covers most of the organs within that cavity

75
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

76
Q

Visceral pleura

A

covers the lungs

Anatomy (5 decks)

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