Lecture 1 Flashcards
key statement of toxicology
dose matters
who is the fr of toxicology
paracelsus
leading pathogen that infects ventilated patients
gram positive or negative and where is it found
pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative
in soil, plants, and animals (can’t birng fresh flowers into hospital)
which 2 body systems are the target for oxygen toxicity
respiratory and nervous
1st line of host defense
innate (native) immunity
humoral vs cell mediated immunity
humoral - involves b cells and antibodies
cell mediatd - involves t cells activating macrophgages
both are part of acquired immunity
where does gas exchange occur
the alveoli of the lungs
“toxicology” is from what 2 greek words
toxicos and logos
founder of the science of toxicology
mathiew orfila
who did the marsh test related to arsenic posioning
marie lafarge
toxicology is the science of _____
poisons
toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of _____ on _____
chemicals on living organisms
“a chemical which is found in an organism but is not normally expected to be there, or it is in much higher concentrations than usual”
xenobiotics
toxicology is the study of adverse effects that result from the ______ with ______ on _____
interactions with chemical agents on biological systems
MODERN TOXICOLOGY goes beyond the study of adverse effects of chemimcals and foes on to study…..
MOLECULAR and CELLULAR biology, using toxic chemicals as tools
according to the society of toxicology, why is research important
to improve the health of humans animals and their environment
toxicology is a _________ subject, applying basic (what 5 things) to gain an understanding of WHY certain substances cause alteration in biological systems
multidisciplinary
biochemical
chemical
pathological
physiological
epidemiological
name the type of toxicology:
“identification of the mechanisms of toxicity at cellular or organismal levels”
mechanistic toxicology
name the type of toxicology:
risk assessment and management of chemicals
regulatory toxicology
name the type of toxicology:
broad application and their interaction with biological systems
general toxicology
name the type of toxicology
explains the toxic agents and their application
descriptive toxicology
a ______- toxicologist is concerned with toxicity testing
descriptive
name the type of toxicolofy
concerned with disease caused by toxic substances
KEY WORD IS DISEASE - clinical toxicology
2 main efforts of clinical toxicology
-treating patients that have been poisoned with the drug
-developing new approaches to treat these intoxication
name 5 specialized areas of toxicology
forensic
analytical
clinical
environmental
occupational
“FACEO”
what is PM 2.5
particle size that they can get into the alveoli and prevent gas exchange
where do MOST toxicologists work
in INDUSTRIES - doing research
next is academic institutions and then government (regulatory)
RISK ASSESSMENT is a very essential part of which type of toxicology
regulatory
risk assessment is mainly done by who
the government
what does NRC stand for
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission
A REGULATORY AGENCY
the NRC (US nuclear regulatory commission) is headed by ____(how many) commissioners who are appointed by ____ and confirmed by the ___– for 5 year terms
5
president
senate
which regulatory agency has the responsibiliyy of protecting human health and the environment - air and water quality
EPA (environmental protection agency)
head of the EPA and how many emplyees
president
18,000
mission of OSHA
(occupational safety and health administration) – to assure the safety and health of american workers by setting standards for safety and health
