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Toxicology Exam > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

key statement of toxicology

A

dose matters

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2
Q

who is the fr of toxicology

A

paracelsus

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3
Q

leading pathogen that infects ventilated patients

gram positive or negative and where is it found

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

gram negative

in soil, plants, and animals (can’t birng fresh flowers into hospital)

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4
Q

which 2 body systems are the target for oxygen toxicity

A

respiratory and nervous

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5
Q

1st line of host defense

A

innate (native) immunity

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6
Q

humoral vs cell mediated immunity

A

humoral - involves b cells and antibodies

cell mediatd - involves t cells activating macrophgages

both are part of acquired immunity

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7
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A

the alveoli of the lungs

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8
Q

“toxicology” is from what 2 greek words

A

toxicos and logos

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9
Q

founder of the science of toxicology

A

mathiew orfila

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10
Q

who did the marsh test related to arsenic posioning

A

marie lafarge

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11
Q

toxicology is the science of _____

A

poisons

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12
Q

toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of _____ on _____

A

chemicals on living organisms

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13
Q

“a chemical which is found in an organism but is not normally expected to be there, or it is in much higher concentrations than usual”

A

xenobiotics

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14
Q

toxicology is the study of adverse effects that result from the ______ with ______ on _____

A

interactions with chemical agents on biological systems

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15
Q

MODERN TOXICOLOGY goes beyond the study of adverse effects of chemimcals and foes on to study…..

A

MOLECULAR and CELLULAR biology, using toxic chemicals as tools

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16
Q

according to the society of toxicology, why is research important

A

to improve the health of humans animals and their environment

17
Q

toxicology is a _________ subject, applying basic (what 5 things) to gain an understanding of WHY certain substances cause alteration in biological systems

A

multidisciplinary

biochemical
chemical
pathological
physiological
epidemiological

18
Q

name the type of toxicology:

“identification of the mechanisms of toxicity at cellular or organismal levels”

A

mechanistic toxicology

19
Q

name the type of toxicology:

risk assessment and management of chemicals

A

regulatory toxicology

20
Q

name the type of toxicology:

broad application and their interaction with biological systems

A

general toxicology

21
Q

name the type of toxicology

explains the toxic agents and their application

A

descriptive toxicology

22
Q

a ______- toxicologist is concerned with toxicity testing

A

descriptive

23
Q

name the type of toxicolofy

concerned with disease caused by toxic substances

A

KEY WORD IS DISEASE - clinical toxicology

24
Q

2 main efforts of clinical toxicology

A

-treating patients that have been poisoned with the drug

-developing new approaches to treat these intoxication

25
Q

name 5 specialized areas of toxicology

A

forensic
analytical
clinical
environmental
occupational

“FACEO”

26
Q

what is PM 2.5

A

particle size that they can get into the alveoli and prevent gas exchange

27
Q

where do MOST toxicologists work

A

in INDUSTRIES - doing research

next is academic institutions and then government (regulatory)

28
Q

RISK ASSESSMENT is a very essential part of which type of toxicology

A

regulatory

29
Q

risk assessment is mainly done by who

A

the government

30
Q

what does NRC stand for

A

US Nuclear Regulatory Commission

A REGULATORY AGENCY

31
Q

the NRC (US nuclear regulatory commission) is headed by ____(how many) commissioners who are appointed by ____ and confirmed by the ___– for 5 year terms

A

5
president
senate

32
Q

which regulatory agency has the responsibiliyy of protecting human health and the environment - air and water quality

A

EPA (environmental protection agency)

33
Q

head of the EPA and how many emplyees

A

president

18,000

34
Q

mission of OSHA

A

(occupational safety and health administration) – to assure the safety and health of american workers by setting standards for safety and health

35
Q
A

Toxicology Exam (5 decks)

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