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PSYC 101 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The specific study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

Who coined nativism?

A

Plato

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3
Q

What is nativism?

A

certain skills are hardwired in the brain at birth

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4
Q

What did Aristotle coin?

A

the mind is a blank state and empiricism (knowledge comes from sense)

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5
Q

What did Franz Joseph coin?

A

phrenology (specific mental capabilities and characteristics are localized in particular regions of the brain)

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6
Q

What did Paul Broca coin?

A

Broca area where damage to this location causes impairments in language outputs, but the comprehension is fine

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7
Q

What is the opposite of the Broca area?

A

Wernicke Area where the speech is fine but the comprehension is damaged

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8
Q

What did Hermann von Hermholtz coin?

A

physiology, stimulus, and reaction time

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9
Q

What is physiology?

A

the study of biological processes, especially in the human body

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10
Q

What is a stimulus

A

sensory input from the environment

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11
Q

What is a reaction time?

A

the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

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12
Q

What did Wilhelm Hunt found and what are his coined definitions?

A

founded the first psychological laboratory and coined consciousness, structuralism, and introspection

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13
Q

What is consciousness?

A

a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind

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14
Q

What is structuralism?

A

the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind and how these simple, definable components fit together to form more complex mental processes

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15
Q

What is introspection?

A

the subjective observation of one’s own experience

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16
Q

What did William James do and what is his coined term?

A

applied scientific approach to psychology and coined functionalism

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17
Q

What is functionalism?

A

study of the purpose of mental processes and how they enable us to adapt to our environment

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18
Q

What did Charles Darwin believe?

A

natural selection where the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations

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19
Q

Who found figured out hysteria?

A

Jean-Marie Charcot and Pierre Janet who believed in multiple conscious “selves”

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20
Q

What is hysteria?

A

a temporary loss of cognitive or
motor functions, usually as a result of
emotionally upsetting experiences

21
Q

Who was Jean-Marie Charcot’s student?

A

Sigmund Freud

22
Q

What did Sigmund Freud coin?

A

unconscious and psychoanalysis

23
Q

What is unconscious?

A

idea that it influences our thoughts, feeling, and actions, but we are not aware of it

24
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

Approach to bring the unconscious into conscious awareness and alleviate symptoms

25
Q

Who coined humanistic psychology?

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers who believed the therapist and client are on equal footing

26
Q

What is humanistic psychology?

A

this really emphasizes the positive potential in all of us, understands our nature through positive potential

27
Q

What did John Watson coin?

A

behaviorism

28
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment

29
Q

Why is science credible?

A

it is replicable and its objective measures are observable by others

30
Q

What did Ian Pavlov do?

A

studied the salvation in dogs and realized that the dogs salivate when they eat AND when they head the footsteps of their feeders

31
Q

What did B.F. Skinner believe and coin?

A

animals learn by interacting with their environment and questioned free-will; coined reinforcement

32
Q

What is reinforcement?

A

anything that increases the likelihood that a response will occur

33
Q

What are illusions?

A

errors of perception memory, or judgment in which subjective experience differs from objective reality

34
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts

35
Q

What did Sir Frederic Bartlett believe?

A

people remember how a story “should” end rather than how it actually did end because our memory is influenced by our mind rather than a photographic representation of actual events

36
Q

What is cognitive psychology?

A

the study of mental process, perception and how people think

37
Q

What did Karl Lashley do?

A

removed parts of rat brains to observe its deficits and found the difference between behavioral and cognitive neuroscience

38
Q

What is behavioral neuroscience?

A

Do something and see what part of the brain is firing when you read or walk, etc.

39
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

-Trying to find a link between a brain activity and a cognitive process
-Think of something and see what area of the brain lights up

40
Q

What are two non-invasive “brain-scanning” during mental activities?

A

PET scan and an fMRI

41
Q

What did John Garcia believe?

A

our ancestors’ learning histories influence our learning like how rats avoid food that makes them sick

42
Q

Wha is evolutionary psychology?

A

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection.

43
Q

What does Norman Triplett believe?

A

our behavior is influenced by the presence of others and how we perform better around others

44
Q

What is social psychology?

A

the study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected

45
Q

What is culture?

A

the values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people

46
Q

What is cultural psychology?

A

the suited of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members

47
Q

What did Margaret Mead do?

A

she was an anthropologist that traveled to far regions to study cultural differences in behavior and practices

48
Q

What is the main psychology organization?

A

American Psychological Association (APA)

49
Q

What is the largest subfield of psychology?

A

clinical

PSYC 101 (14 decks)

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